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HISTOEICAL SKETCHES 



OF THE 



COLLEGES OF WISCONSIN, 



PREPARED FOR THE 



r, \o 



NATIONAL CENTENNIAL EXPOSITION 

For 1876. 



\_v6WARy 



^/ 



Ac 






MADISON, WIS.: 

ATWOOD & CULVER, 

Printers and Stereotypers. 



1S76. 

7r 



PREFACE. 



Tn" Wisconsin, as elsewhere in our coiintr}^ the earli- 
est institutions for higher education originated with 
Christian churches of different names. However com- 
plete may be the organization of public instruction 
under state authority, there Avill always be place and 
demand for distinctively Christian colleges to infuse into 
the body politic some positive religious influence in 
connection with the processes of education. This has 
been recognized in our state by the readiness of the 
legislature to grant liberal charters for such institu- 
tions, and to extend to them the fostering care and pro- 
tection of the laws. 

The accompanying sketches have been prepared at 
the several institutions in accordance with a resolution 
of the Wisconsin State Teachers' Association, and are 
published under the direction of the State Superintend- 
ent of Public Instruction, to be presented at the Na- 
tional Centennial Exposition, as one phase of the w^ork 
of education sustained in Wisconsin. The institutions 



IV COLLEGES OF WISCONSIN!. 

here represented are open to the visitation of state offi- 
cers and others, and make annual statements of their 
condition, which are embodied in the yearly report of 
the State Superintendent. Their work is carried on 
in harmony and cooperation with that of the public 
schools of every grade. 

The statute books of Wisconsin show collegiate 
charters granted at different times to the following in- 
stitutions, besides those here represented, viz: 

Carroll College, Waukesha, 18i6. 

Sinsinawa Mound College, in Grant County, 1848. 

Galesville University, Galesville, 1854. 

Marquette College, in Milwaukee, 1864. 

Wisconsin Female College, Fox Lake, 1855. 

Wayland University, Beaver Dam, 

Pio Nono College, 

St. John's College, 

Northwestern University, 

Milwaukee Female College. 

Some of these institutions attempt only the work of 
an academy. Others are under strict ecclesiastical con- 
trol. None of them reported to the State Superintend- 
ent for the year 1875, except Carroll College, which, by 
formal act of its trustees, will henceforth confine itself 



PEEFACE. \- 

to the miscellaneous work of an academy, with thor- 
ough instruction preparatory to college. 

A. L. CHAPIN, 

Chairman of the Department of Colleges, 

Beloit, May 1, 1876. 



CONTENTS. 



Beloit College, •..••. 1 

Racine College, - . . - . - 33 

Milton College, ..... 67 

Lawrence University, - .... 97 

RirON College, ...... 107 



HISTORICAL SKETCH 

OF 

BELOIT COLLEGE. 



ORIGIN. 

The course of migration in our country runs natu- 
rally from east to west on lines of latitude; there was 
thus a large infusion of New England elements in the 
stream of human life which first poured in to occupy 
the territory of Wisconsin and northern Illinois. Puri- 
tan ideas of the home, the school, the church and the 
college were transplanted and took root here with 
the first upturning of the prairie sod. They were es- 
pecially cherished in the Congregational and Presbyte- 
rian churches organized. Hence, Avithin ten 3'ears of 
the time when the Lidian council fires were extin- 
guished by the Black Hawk war, representatives of 
these churches were gathered in council, praying to- 
gether and thinking on a college. These thoughts were 
deepened, in conference with others at a convention of 
representatives of those two denominations from the 
northwestern states, held at Cleveland, Ohio, in June, 
1844. They became defined and matured in four successive 
conventions, held in that and the following year, for the 
specific purpose of considering what could be done for 
the promotion of higher education for Wisconsin and 
1 



Zi> HISTORICAL SKETCH. 

northern Illinois. These deliberations resulted in a 
unanimous judgment of a convention, which numbered 
sixty-eight members, that a college for young men, and 
a female seminary of the highest order for young 
women, should be established, one in Wisconsin and the 
other in Illinois, near to the border line of the two 
states. The college was located at Beloit_, Wis.; the 
female seminary was subsequently located at Rockford, 
111. In October, 1845, the fourth convention adopted a 
form of charter, and elected a Board of Trustees, to 
whom was committed the charge of carrying forward 
the enterprise. Beloit was selected as the place for the 
college, because it was central and easy of access to the 
population of the two states, and because the people of 
that village had already evinced an interest in the work 
of education by sustaining a seminary which offered 
facilities superior to any found elsewhere in the region. 

THE CHARTER. 

On application, the territorial legislature of AViscon- 
sin enacted a charter for the college, approv^ed February 
2d, 1846, and printed on pages 103-4 of the volume of 
Laws of Wisconsin for 1846. The corporate title is 
"The Board of Trustees of Beloit College." By the 
act of incorporation, the board of trustees consists of 
sixteen members, with power to increase the number to 
twenty-four. Any seven constitute a quorum for the 
transaction of business. The board elects new mem- 
bers for no definite term of service, but failure for more 
than one year to attend to the duties of the trust may 
create a vacancy. The charter specifies no particular 
requirements for membership. The following persons 



OF BELOIT COLLEGE. O 

are named as original trustees, viz.: Reverends A. Kent, 
D. Clary, S. Peet, F. Bascom, C. Waterbury, J. D. 
Stevens, A. L. Chapin and R. M. Pearson, and Messrs. 
G. W. Hickcox, A. Raymond, C. M. Goodsell, E. H. 
Potter, L. G. Fisher, W. Talcott, C. G. Hempstead and 
S. Hinman — one half clergymen and one half laymen; 
one half resident in Wisconsin and one half in Illinois, 
Of these original members, nine have deceased, four are 
still in the board, which at present numbers twenty- 
three. The charter passes the administration of the 
college into the hands of the board of trustees, with 
broad general powers, subject to no direct supervision 
or control by the state or municipal authorities. The 
college is, however, always open to visitation, and, in 
accordance with a subsequent statute, a report of the 
condition of the institution is made annually to the 
State Superintendent of Public Instruction. The Con- 
gregational and Presbyterian Churches of Wisconsin 
and northern Illinois are regarded as the proper con- 
stituency of the college; but the charter precludes 
the prescription of any religious tenets or opin- 
ions as qualifications required of instructors or condi- 
tions of admission for students. Its aim is accordingly 
to give a Christian, but not a sectarian, education. The 
charter fixes the location oi the college and all its de- 
partments in Beloit, and reserves to the legislature full 
power to alter or repeal the act of incorporation. The 
board of trustees are empowered to confer on those 
whom they may deem worthy, all such honors and de- 
grees as are usually conferred by like institutions. The 
original charter has served the purpose of the college 
thus far without amendment or alteration. 



4 HISTORICAL SKETCH 

THE OBJECT OF THE COLLEGE. 

The American college is an institution sui generis^ 
developed by circumstances and conditions peculiar to 
this country. The founders of Beloit College had be- 
fore them the type form, as presented in the colleges of 
the older states, especially in those of New England, and 
their aim was, not in servile imitation to copy a model, 
but as wisely as possible to adapt the leading ideas and 
features of those institutions to the fresh life and swift 
growth of the west. So, the object of the institution 
they aimed to build was defined to be, to provide for the 
thorough, liberal, Christian education of young men; 
education being understood to mean chiefly, a self- 
development of the individual under training, to a true 
self-possession and command of his best faculties. The 
course of study was thus arranged for discipline even 
more than for instruction, though both are included. 
The design comprehends a training in language as the 
great instrument and condition of all culture, civiliza- 
tion or thought; in mathematics and science, as means 
of both guiding the processes of investigation and 
thought, and furnishing the matter of learning ; in the 
histo)-ips of nature and of man, as the sources of practical 
knowledge; and in those philosophic and moral prin- 
ciples necessary to complete the general preparation for 
a broad and useful life. Under the conviction that 
positive principles of religious faith are essential to 
right thought as well as to right life, the institution is 
intended to be a religious college — not denominational, 
but distinctly and earnestly evangelical. Its endeavor 
is to combine in its culture, learning, religion and 



OF BELOIT COLLEGE. 5 

morality, so as to form habits of thouglit, faith and 
rectitude, which will best fit men alike to succeed in the 
world, to do the world good, and to realize the Christian's 
hope in the world to come. 

HISTORY. 

The Board of Trustees of Beloit College held their 
first meeting October 23d, 1845, and took preliminary 
measures to secure a charter, select a location and devise 
a plan for a building. The charter enacted by the legis- 
lature was accepted October 13th, 1846. On the 21:th of 
June, 1847, the corner stone of the first building was 
laid with appropriate ceremonies and public exercises. 
On the same da}' the first appointment of a professor 
was made, but that appointment was declined. The 
college was opened for its first class October 15, 1847, 
when five young men were examined, admitted as a 
Freshman class, and placed temporarily under the in- 
struction of Mr. S. T. Merrill, then in charge of the 
Beloit Seminary. On the 23d of May, 1848, Mr. Jack- 
son J. Bushnell was appointed Professor of Mathemat- 
ics and Natural Philosoph}', and Mr. Joseph Emerson 
Professor of Languages. These two gentlemen entered 
upon their duties at once, and to them was committed 
the class already received, and the further internal or- 
ganization and administration of the college. On the 
21st of November, 1849, Rev. Aaroii L. Chapin was 
elected President of the college. He entered upon the 
duties of that office February 1st, 1850, and on the 24th 
of July of the same year he was formally inaugurated 
with public exercises held in a grove near the north- 
west corner of the college grounds. The first class was 



6 HISTORICAL SKETCH 

graduatedsJuly 9fch, 1851. Since then, a regular ncces- 
sion of classes has been kept up. Other appointments 
to the faculty of instruction, the enlargement of the 
college in the erection of buildings, the accumulation 
of endowments and the numbers of the several classes as 
graduated are given further on, under distinct titles. 
At the close of the first decade of the life of the col- 
lege, a convention of its friends was held July 8th, 1857, 
when Prof. J. Emerson delivered a historical address, 
and resolutions were adopted recognizing the divine fa- 
vor to the enterprise, and commending the college anew 
to the confidence of the friends of thorough education, 
with an earnest appeal for contributions to increase its 
resources. The annual commencement, Jul}' llth, 1869, 
was made an occasion of special interest l:)y the formal 
dedication of the Memorial Hall, erected in honor of 
those connected with the college who had served in the 
war for the preservation of the Union. Hon. Matthew 
H. Carpenter, U. S. Senator from Wisconsin, delivered 
an oration, and several of the Alumni and distinguished 
soldiers of the war gave brief addi'esses. In connection 
with the commencement of July 9th, 1872, the twenty- 
fifth anniversary of the opening of the college was com- 
memorated by appropriate exercises, in which represen- 
tatives from the Trustees, the Faculty and the Alumni, 
bore a part. 

SITE AND BUILDINGS. 

The site of the college is near the centre of the city 
of Beloit, on the south line of the state of Wisconsin, 
midway between lake Michigan and the Mississippi 
river. The city is easily accessible from all directions, 



8 HISTOEICAL SKETCH. 

by two lilies of railroad, one running north and south, 
and the other east and west, which cross each other at 
this place. The population of the city is about 5,000. 

The college grounds inclose an area of 24 acres, 
sketched in outline on the map preceding. The prem- 
ises are bounded by streets on every side, and the sur- 
face is diversified by groves and ravines, presenting a 
broad and elevated plateau fronting to the east, and on 
the west, sloping down nearly to the level of Rock River, 
from which it is separated by a street and a narrow tier 
of lots on the west side. This site was a place specially 
honored by the pre-historic races, as is attested by 
tweiit}-- of their mounds still preserved within its limits, 
one of which originally bore the unmistakable outlines 
of a turtle. At points indicated on the map stand six 
college buildings: 

1. Middle College, begun in 1847, was finished so far 
as to be occupied the following year. It is an edifice of 
brick, measuring 64 feet by 44, and has three stories 
and an attic, surmounted bj^ a cupola and belfry. The 
attic is occupied b}-- students' rooms. The remainder 
is divided into ten rooms, devoted to lectures, recita- 
tions and laboratory Avork. Its cost was about $10,000, 
mostly donated by citizens of Beloit with the original site. 

2. North College, a dormitory of brick, three stories 
and a basement, measuring 54 feet by 40, was erected 
in 1854. The basement is used as a dining room and 
appendages for a students' club, and the three stories 
are divided into twelve suites of rooms for students. Its 
cost was about $8,000, a small portion of which was 
contributed for the specific purpose. 

3. The Chapel, a brick building, 60 feet in length by 




MEMORIAL HALL OF BELOIT COLEEuE. 



^' 



10 HISTORICAL SKETCH 

40 in breadth, of two high stories, was erected in 1858. 
The lower story is appropriated to two school rooms for 
the Preparatory School, and the upper to the religious 
services of both departments. Its cost was about 
$6,000, one-half of which was contributed by the citi- 
zens of Beloit. 

4. South College is a two story building of wood, 
€rected in 1868, to furnish additional dormitory accom- 
modations. Its dimensions are 72 feet by 35, and it is 
divided into sixteen rooms. It cost $5,000. 

5. Memorial Hall, a view of which is presented on 
page 9, Avas erected in 1869, in honor of more than 400 
sons of the college who took .part, 46 of whom died, in 
the war for the Union. It is built of cream colored lime- 
stone, in modern Gothic style, 70 feet in length by 40 
in breadth, with a vestibule^28 feet by 20. Its cost was 
$26,000, provided for mostly by special donations for 
the object, gathered in [the region. The vestibule is 
devoted to tablets and| memorials of the war. The 
main building is divided into two stories, each forming 
a large, high hall. The upper hall is occupied by the 
library and the lower by the cabinet. It is contem- 
plated that both will be eventuall}^ devoted to the li- 
brary, when a separate building will be provided for the 
cabinet. 

6. The Gymnasiuni,''a building of wood, 20 feet by 38, 
one story with a basement, was erected in 1874, at an 
expense, including apparatus, of $3,900, contributed 
chiefly by alumni and members of the college and citi- 
zens of Beloit. This building, though the property of 
the college, is under the charge of an association, em- 
bracing members of the Faculty and students. Each 



OF BELOIT COLLEGE. 11 

student is required to take part in a daily drill for half 
an hour, in light gymnastics and vocal culture. A 
bowling allej' in the basement, and other apparatus, fur- 
nish faculties for additional voluntary exercise. 

COURSE OF STUDY. 

In carrying out the object heretofore indicated, it was 
the first purpose of the trustees to confine their efforts 
to founding and maintaining; a college in the strict 
sense of the term, in which the course of study and 
the standard of scholarship should be set high. A 
course of study was accordingly adopted conformed to 
those of the best eastern colleges. That purpose has been 
steadily adhered to as the chief aim, and that leading 
course of study has been changed only to be elevated 
and improved. But it was soon found that this region 
furnished hardly any facilities for preparing young men 
to enter college, and that there was great demand for 
an advanced English education, especially to prepare 
teachers for the public schools. Hence the absolute 
necessity of establishing, in connection with the college, 
a Preparatory Department and a Normal and English 
Department. The rapid development and wide range 
of Physical Science within the last quarter century, and 
the new professions which have thus been opened to 
young men, have made it advisable also to establish a 
course of study parallel and equivalent to the first, 
which shall bring within its scope new branches and a 
more thorough investigation of science and philosophy. 
As now organized, the college provides for young men, 
1. The old classical course of study; 2. A Parallel Phil- 
osophical course, and, 3. A Preparatory school. These 
are severally presented in detail in the following tables : 



12 



HISTORICAL SKETCH 



CLASSICAL COURSE OF STUDY AT DIFFERENT PERIODS. 





1847. 


1860. 


1875, 


K 


Livy. 
Algebra. 
Homer's Iliad. 


Livy, Lat.Prose Comp. 

Algebra. 

Homer's Iliad, Greek 

Prose Composition. 
Ancient History, 

Greece. 


Livy, Lat. Prose Comp. 

Algebra. 

Homer"s Odyssey, 

Greek Prose Comp. 
Ancient Hist., Greece, 
Chaucer. 
Gr. Testam't, Gospels. 


15 

a 


Livy. 

Algebra, Geometry. 

Homer's Iliad. 


Livy, Latin Prose. 
Algebra, Geometry. 
Homer's Iliad, Greek 

Prose. 
Ancient History, 

Rome. 


Livy. 

Geometry. 

II m e r's d y s s e y, 

Greek Prose. 
Ancient Hist., Rome. 
Chaucer. 
Gr. Testam't, Gospels. 




Horace. 

Geometry. 
Herodotus. 
Rhetorical Exercises, 

weekly through the 

year. 


Horace, Latin Prose. 

Geometry. 

Herodotus, Gr. Prose. 

Weekly lessons in 
Chancer, and Greek 
Testament. Weekly 
themes and declama- 
tions thro' the year. 


Horace. 

Geometry, Plane Trig- 
onometry, Mensura- 
tion, Surveying. 

Herodotus, Gr. Prose. 

Chaucer. 

Greek Testament, Gos- 
pels. 




Horace. 

Geometry, Trigonom- 
etry. 

Herodotus, Xeno- 
phoii's Memorabilia. 


Horace, Latin Prose 
Composition. 

Trigonometry. Mensu- 
ration, Siirv eying 
and Navigation. 

Xenophon"s Memora- 
bilia. Greek Prose 
Composition. 

Mediiuval History. 


German. 

Spherical Trigonome- 
try, Navigation, Con- 
ic'Sections. 

Xenophon's Memora- 
bilia. 

Ancient History, East. 

Spenser. 

Gr. Testam't, Gospels. 


K 

-< 

El 

o 

s 

o 

W 


Cicero de Senectute 
and de Amicitia. 

Trigonometry, Mensu- 
ration. Surveying. 

The Alcestis of "Eurip- 
ides. 

Rhetoric. 


Tacitus on Oratory, 

Rhetoric. 
Trigonometry, Conic 

Sections. 
Plato's Apology and 

Crito, Greek "Prose 

Composition. 
Modern History. 


German. 

Greek Tragedy, 

Chemistry. 

Spenser. 

Greek Testament. 


c 


Cicero de Oratore. 
Navigation, Conic 

Sections. 
The Prometheus of 

iEschylus. 
Rlietorical Exercises 

weekly through the 

year. 


Tacitus, Rhetoric. 

Analytical Geometry, 
Calculus.- 

The Prometheus of 
^Eschylus, Greek 
Prose Composition. 

Physiology. 

Wc'ekly Lessons in 
Spenser and Greek 
Testament. Weekly 
themes and declama- 
tions thro' the year. 


Horace. 

Analytical Geometry, 

Calculus. 
Chemistry. 
Milton. 
Greek Testament. 



OF BELOIT COLLEGE. 



13 



CLASSICAL couKSE OF STUDY — Continued. 



1S47. 



Tacitus. 

jSTatural Philosophy. 
Electra of Sophoclc'S. 
Plato's (jorgias. 



ISGO. 



187. 'i. 



Cicero de Officiis. 
Natural Philosophy. 
German. 



Rhetoric. 

Natural Philosophy. 

Mineralogy. 

Mediaeval 'History and 
History of Civiliza- 
tion. 

English Literature. 

Greek Testament, 
Epistles. 



Tacitus. 

Natural Philosophy. 

Demosthenes de Coro- 



German. 

Natural Philosophy. 
Chemistry. 

Guizofs History of 
Civilization. 



Rhetorical Analysis of 
Cicero and Demos- 
thenes. 

Natural Philosophy. 

Mental Philosophy. 

English Literature. 

Greek Testament. 



Select Latin. 

Astronomy, Botany. 

Natural Theology. " 

Evidences of Christi- 
anity. 

Weekly rhetorical ex- 
ercises through the 
year. 



Tacitus. 

The Antigone of Soph- 
ocles. 

Astronomy, Botany, 
Zoology. 

Weekly lessons from 
Milton, and weekly 
themes and orations 
through the year. 



Tacitus. 

Thucydides. 

Botany. 

Plato's Apology, Crito 

and Phiedo. 
English Literature. 
Greek Testament. 



Astronomy. 
Intellectual 

phy. Logic. 
Physiology. 
Zoology. 



Philoso- 



The Calculus. 
Moral Philosophy. 
Political Economy. 
Select Greek. 
Chemistrv. 



Plato's Gorgias. 
Logic. 

Geology and Mineral- 
ogy. 



Cicero de Natura Deo- 

rum. 
Logic. 
Geology. 
Shakspeare. 
Greek Testament, 

Epistles. 



Demosthenes de Coro- 
na. 
Mental Philosophy. 
Political Economy. 
U. S. Constitution. 



Political Economy. 
U. S. Constitution. 
Astronomy. 
Moral Philosophy. 
Shakspearc. 
Greek Testament. 



Mineralogy, Geology. 

U. S. Constitution. 

Evidences of Christi- 
anit3^ 

Weekly exercises in 
Rhetoric and Com- 
position through the 
year. 



Moral Philosophy. 

Evidences of Christi- 
anity and Butler's 
Analogy. 

Weekly lessons from 
writers of the 18th 
and 19th centuries. 

Weekly themes and 
orations. 

Weekly lessons in 
Greek Testament 
through the year. 



International Law. 
Butler's Analogy. 
Evidences ot Christi- 
anity. 
Bacon. 
Greek Testament. 



14: 



HISTORICAL SKETCH 



PHILOSOPHICAL COURSE OF STUDY. 
1S75. 

Fresliman Year. 



Hi 


LANGUAGES, 

EHETORIC AND 

CIVIL POLITY. 


MATHEMATICS 

AND 

SCIENCE. 


HISTORY 

AND 

BELLES-LETTKES. 


PHILOSOPHY 

AND 

BIBLE STUDIES. 


1 


Latin or Greek. 
French. 


Spherical Trigo- 
nometry. 
Navigation. 
Conic Sections. 


Chaucer. 
Ancient History, 
Greece. 


New Testament, 
Gospels. 


1 

ri 

(M 
I 


Latin or Greek. 
French. 


Crystallography. 


Chaucer. 
Ancient History, 
Rome. 


New Testament, 
Gospels. 


1 


Latin or Greek. 


Anal. Geometry. 
Calculus, Botany 


Chaucer. 


New Testament, 
Gospels. 



Soplwmore Year. 



T 


Latin or Greek. 
Latin or Greek. 


Mechanics and 
Hydrostatics. 
Chemistry. 


S^^^^ NewTestament, 
The East. ^ Gospels. 


f 

M 

1 

L 


Pneumatics, A- 
coustics, Elec- 
tricity, Magnet- 
ism, Optics. 

Chemistry. 


Spenser and Mil- New Testament, 
ton. Gospels. 


1 

c 

I 


Latin or Greek. 


Chemistry. 
Zoology. 


Spenser and Mil- New Testament, 
ton. Gospels. 







Junior 


Year. 




f 

T 


Rhetoric. 
German. 


Mineralogy. 


Hist, of France. 
llist.ol'Civiliza'n 
Shaw's Manual. 


New Testament. 
Acts. 


f 

■6 
I 


German. 


Astronomy. 


Shaw's Manual. 


New Testament, 

Epistles. 
Men'l Philosop'y 


1 

■d 

L 


German, (two dai- 
ly recitations). 


Mineralogy. 
Lithology. 


Shaw's Manual. 


New Testament, 

Epistles. 







Senior 


Year. 




1. 




Geology. 


German History 
and Literature. 
Shakspeare. 


New Testament, 

Epistles. 
Logic. 


r 

I 


Political Econo- 
my. 
U.S. Constitution 


Geologj'. 


Shakspeare. 


New Testament, 

Epistles. 
Moral Philosop'y 


r 
1 
\ 

ri 

CO 

1 


Internat'nal Law 


Comprehensive 
Review of N at- 
ural History. 


Shakspeare. 


New Testament, 

Epistles. 
Butler's Analogy 
Evid. of Chris- 
tianity. 



OF BELOIT COLLEGE 



15- 



PREPARATORY SCHOOL. 
Classical Course of Study. 



Latin Grammar. 

Latin Reader. 

Salhist. 

Virgil. 

Cicero. 

Greek Grammar. 

Greek Reader. 

Greek Testament. 

English (Grammar. 

Arithmetic. 

Algebra. 

«.Teograi)hv. 

U. S. History. 



-• f Latin Grammar and 

S I Reader. 

s>-i English (Grammar. 

.Ki Geograpliy. 

1^ I Arithmetic. 



CiBsar, Virgil. 
Greek Grammar and 

Lessons. 
English Grammar. 
Analysis of Milton. 
Arithmetic. 
Geography. 



Virgil. 

Cicero. 

Greek Reader. 

Algebra. 

U. S. History. 



Latin (ii'ammar and 

Lessons. 
Ca-sar. 
English Grammar, 

Orthography. 
Arithmetic, 
r. S. History. 
General History. 
Physiology. 
PhysicalGeography. 

Ciesar, Virgil. 
Greek (irammar and 

Lessons. 
Xeiiophon's Anabasis 
Arithmetic. 
Algebra. 
Ancient Hist., Greece 

and Rome. 



^ r Virgil. Cicero. 

5 I Xenophon's Anabasis- 

i,-! Homer. 

^ I Algebra. 

w [ (ie(jmetry. 



English, Normal and Scientific Courses. 



Normal and English 
Course. 



English Grammar 
and Analysis. 

Geography." 

History. 

Arithmetic. 

Algebra. 

Geometry, Surveying. 

Conic Sections. 

Physiology, Botany. 

Chemistry. 

Mineralogy, Geology. 

Rhetoric, Logic. 

Mental and'Moral 
Philosophy. 

Political Economy. 

Evidences of Christ- 
ianity. 



Normal and Scientific. 
Course. 



English Grammar and 
Analysis. 

Geography. 

U. S. History. 

Arithmetic. Algebra. 

(xeometry. Surveying. 

Conic Sections. 

Katural Philosophy. 

Chemistry, Physiology. 

Botany, Zoology. 

Rhetoric, Logic. 

Mental and Moral Philoso- 
phy. 

Political Economy. 

U. S. Constitution, 

Evidences of Christianity. 



Elementary Sclent ijic 
Coiiise. 

. ( English Grammar 
and Analysis. 

Arithmetic, Algebra. 

Civil a n d Physical 
Geography. 

LT. S. History. 

Bookkeeping. 

, r Latin. 

e I Algebra, Geometry. 

Si I General History. 

". j State and U. 8. Const. 

S I Natural Philosophy. 

^ L Botany. 

Latin or Greek. 

Algebra, Geometry. 

Plane Trigonometry. 
~j -( Snrveying. 
•~ I Physiology, Zoology. 
^ I Chemistry. 
^ t Geology. 



16 HISTORICAL SKETCH 

CHEMICAL DEPARTMENT. 

Instruction is given in Chemistry by oral lectures and 
actual work on the part of the students, in the working 
laboratory, which was fitted up in 1870, and is under 
the charge of Prof. James H. Eaton. It has facilities 
for thirty students. The cabinet of minerals provides 
specimens for analysis. 

PHYSICS. 

In the department of Physics, recitations from text- 
books are supplemented by oral lectures, in connection 
with which principles are illustrated by means of varied 
apparatus. 

NATURAL HISTORY. 

In the several branches of Natural Histor}^ instruc- 
tion is given by text-books, lectures, recitations and dis- 
cussions, varied by field and laboratory work. Topics 
are also assigned to students for original investigation. 

ENGLISH LITERATURE. 

Through all the history of the college, this depart- 
ment has been made prominent. The weekly exercise 
kept up during the whole course is designed to intro- 
duce students to the leading writers of successive his- 
torical periods, with special attention to their idioms 
and style. For training in English Composition and 
Elocution, students are required from time to time to 
present original essays and orations on selected themes, 
with practice in reading and speaking. 

BIBLE STUDIES. 

The recitations in Bible Studies, every Monda}' morn- 
ing, are designed to bring into review the historical 



OF BELOIT COLLEGE. 17 

facts, the truths and principles of Christianity as they 
stand in the original scriptures, or are derived directly 
frorfi them. 

EXAMINATIONS. 

The College year of thirty-nine weeks is divided into 
three terms. At the close of the first and second terms, 
each of the classes is examined orally, before the Fac- 
ulty, in the studies of the term. At the close of each 
year, each class is subjected to a written examination in 
all the studies of the year. The results of these exami- 
nations are of importance in determining the standing 
of each student. 

LIBRARY. 

The College Library was commenced in 184S. For 
its progressive increase it has been indebted to many 
donors of books, or of means for their purchase. Among 
the largest donors of books were 'Rev. H. N. Brins- 
made, D. D.; Rev. Prof. M. P. Squier, D. D.; Rev. Dr. 
Merrill, late of Middlebury, Vt.; Rev. A. Benton, and 
the United States government. 

The Library now contains somewhat more than eight 
thousand volumes, besides several hundred pamphlets. 
It is dependent for its increase upon the continued lib- 
erality of donors, and upon the income of funds provided 
mainly for certain departments. These are, 1st. The 
Davis Fund, of $500, given by Miss Elizabeth Davis, of 
Boston, Mass., for the depaitment of English Literature. 
2d. The Colton Fund, of |5,000, left by the will of Mrs. 
Love Colton, devoted chiefly to the department of His- 
tory and Civil Polity. 3d. The Emerson Fund, given 
in memory of Rev. Ralph Emerson, D. D., formerly 
professor in Andover Theological Seminary. This fund, 
2 



18 HISTORICAL SKETCH 

the value of which is estimated at $15,000, is devoted to 
the department of Sacred and CLassical Learning. 

The Library is opened at stated times for consultation 
and for the drawing of books by members of the college. 

COLLEGE SOCIETIES AMONG STUDENTS. 

The Archeean Society was organized for literary and 
rhetorical practice in the first year of the college. It 
was reorganized a few years afterward as the Archaean 
Union, consisting of the Alethian and Delian Societies, 
having a common library of about 1,000 volumes, and 
common public meetings. Literary Societies are also 
maintained in the Preparatory school. 

COLLEGE MAGAZINE. 

A monthly magazine was commenced by the students 
in 1853, and is now in the twenty-second volume. It 
is now published semi-monthly under the name of the 
Round Table and Beloit Monthly. 

A Reading Room is maintained under the auspices of 
the Archaean Union and the College Monthly. 

The Missionary Society also has a library, and gathers 
information and organizes Christian effort in the college 
and the vicinit}'. 

CABINET. 

The College Cabinet contains: (/. Minerals — 150 
sjDecies represented by about 1,000 specimens of good 
cabinet size of American and European localities; no 
species are represented with especial prominence, h. 
Rocks — 300 specimens of crystalline and 50 of frag- 
mental rocks of Wisconsin, 100 European crystalline 
and fragmental. All these specimens are neatly trimmed 
4x3 inches, and the localities are accurately known. 



OF BELOIT COLLEGE. 19 

Also 65 specimens of lava from Mount Vesuvius, from 
eruptions of different dates, c. Animals — This collec- 
tion is small, shells and birds being best represented. 
d. Fossils — The Trenton limestone of this region is 
represented quite fully. With a few fossils from most of 
the formations, the Niagara of Wisconsin and the Upper 
Helderberg at the Falls of the Ohio, have contributed 
the greater number of specimens. There is a European 
collection of 183 species. It is expected that the 
Paloeozoic fossils will be largely increased from the 
state geological survey, e. Plants — The botanical col- 
lection embraces more than three thousand species of 
plants collected in this coujitry and Europe. 

SCHOLARSHIPS AND BENEFICIARY FUNDS. 

The sum of S?9,000, received through bequests and 
donations for this purpose, is set apart as an Educa- 
tional Fund, the income of which is appropriated in 
aid of students with narrow means, preparing for the 
Christian ministry in connection with any evangelical 
denomination. 

The payment of $500 establishes a permanent scholar- 
ship which provides for the tuition of one student 
annually, to be named by the donor or by the College 
Faculty. Sixteen such scholarships, of which four 
were contributed by churches, have been fully paid and 
are now available. Several others, on which partial 
payments have been made, remain to be filled up in 
the future. 

Formerly, an individual scholarship was offered on 
payment of $100, which provides for the tuition of one 
student through the college course of four years, or its 



20 HISTORICAL SKETCH 

equivalent in the Preparatory School. No new schol- 
arships are issued on this plan, but one hundred such 
were established, twenty-seven of which have been used 
up, and the remainder are still good for the period of 
twenty-five years from the date of the donation. The 
only conditions of these scholarships, both permanent 
and single are, that the benefit shall be in every case a 
free gift to the occupant, and that his conduct and schol- 
arship must be approved by the Faculty as meeting the 
requirements of the College. 

Through these resources, the income of about i^25,000 
is available for the relief of students who are struggling 
against pecuniary embarrassments to secure a liberal 
education. 

PRIZES. 

By the benefactions of several donors, three prize - 
scholarships have been founded, available for tuition in 
whole or in part, one for each of the three last years of 
the College course, awarded to the student of highest 
standing in scholarship. 

A Scholarship has also been founded which offers free 
tuition for one year to the graduate of any High School 
in Wisconsin or Illinois who passes the best examina- 
tion on admission to the College. 

There are provided, also, a small prize for the student 
who passes the best examination for admission to the 
Freshman Class, two prizes awarded to members of the 
Sophomore and Freshman classes for excellence in dec- 
lamation, and a prize, competed for by members of the 
Senior Class, presenting English essays on subjects as- 
signed. 



OF BELOIT COLLEGE. 



21 



STUDENTS IN COLLEGE CLASSES AT BELOIT COLLEGE. 



Years. 



1847-8.. 
1848-9,. 
1849-50 
1850-1 . . 
1851-2.. 
1852-3.. 
1853-4.. 
1854-5.. 
1855-6.. 
1856-7.. 
1857-8.. 
1858-9.. 
1859-^60 
1860-1 . . 
1861-2.. 
1862-3.. 
1863-1.. 
1864-5.. 
1865-6.. 
1866-7.. 
1867-8.. 
1868-9.. 
1869-'70 
1870-1 . . 
1871-2.. 
1872-3.. 
1873-4.. 
1874-5.. 
1875-6.. 



10 
13 
16 
9 
15 
13 
15 
14 
21 
23 
17 
23 
30 
25 
24 
28 
37 
18 
29 
31 
14 
15 
20 
29 
25 
29 



p 

g 

o 

o 


C 

o 


.2 
"a 


'3 


4 


4 






4 




3 




10 


5 


1 




11 


7 


5 




11 


6 


4 




9 


7 


5 




13 


7 


7 




11 


11 


8 




14 


8 


8 




9 


8 


7 




21 


8 


8 




21 


18 


4 




10 


15 


16 




16 


9 


13 




21 


13 


4 




17 


20 


7 




13 


16 


18 




23 


8 


14 




25 


13 


8 




15 


20 


13 




18 


11 


17 




20 


14 


11 




13 


13 


13 




14 


10 


13 




15 


5 


9 




28 


9 


3 




19 


21 


10 





Graduated at Beloit, 
Graduated elsewhere, - 
Died during course, 
Still in college at Beloit. 
Failed to complete the college course, 
Total number, ... 



5 
4 
9 
17 
29 
39 
30 
36 
40 
45 
44 
52 
60 
60 
64 
68 
63 



7 
4 
16 
12 
3 
7 

17 
13 
8 
13 
18 
11 
13 
13 



1 
1 

6 

13 

4 

4 

2 

9 

7 

4 

13 

ICi 

5 

14 

8 

16 

11 

21 

11 

18 

15 

12 

13 

15 



216 
43 

8 
79 
208 

554 



22 



HISTOKICAL SKETCH 



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1849-50 
1850-51 
1852-53 
1853-54 
18.54-55 
1855-56 
1856-57 
1857-58 
1858-59 
1859-60 
1860-61 
1861-62 
1862-63 
1863 (i4 
1861-65 
1865-66 
1866-67 
1867-68 
1868-69 
1869-70 
1870-71 
1871-72 
1872-73 
1873-74 
1874-75 



OF BELOIT COLLEGE. 



23 





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24 



HISTORICAL SKETCH 



GIFTS AND ENDOWMENTS. 



Benefactors. 


Date. 


Amount 


Objects. 


Citizens of Beloit, 


1845-00 


$3, 500 


Site. 


Citizens of Beloit, - 


184.5-48 


9,500 


Middle College. 


Rev. Henrv Barber, - 


1846-00 


1, 000 


General purposes. 


Thomas W. Williams, - 


1847-07 


12,00(1 


Professorship. 


Citizens of Saybrook. 


184S-00 


.500 


Charity scholarsliip. 


Citizens of Milwankee, - 


1849-00 


2, 2i)0 


Endowment. 


Citizens of Galena, 


1819-00 


105 


.General purposes. 


Mrs. Sarah Anstin, 


18.iO-00 


500 


Charity scholarship. 


Men eel V ct Co.. - 


18,50-00 


24 


Bell. 


Ladies of Beloit, 


1850-00 


8J 


Bell and Library cases. 


J. J. Bushnell, - 


18.50-00 


500 


Apparatus. 


3Irs. Sarah \V. Hale. 


18511-00 


35,000 


I^rofessorship, cur. expen. 


Miles P. Sqnier, D. D., 


1850-(M) 


10.000 


Professorship. 


Rev. Darid Root, - 


1850-03 


lo.oco 


Professorship. 


John Emerson, - 


1850-52 


1,000 


Cliarity scholarships. 


General subscriptions (West) 


1850-53 


8,000 


Scholarships, cur. expen. 


Citizens of Chicago, 


1852-00 


3,900 


Endowments. 


Mrs. L. C'olton, - 


18,52-.54 


1,000 


Chapel, library, N. Col'ge. 


Mrs. Z. P. Banister, 


1852-00 


100 


General purposes. 


Mrs. L. H. Sij,Miirnev. 


1853-00 


20 


Library. 


Danforth, Writrht &"Co., 


18.53-00 


2.50 


Diploma plate. 


Joseph Otis (bequest) 


1851-00 


2,000 


Cliarity scholarships. 


General subscriptions (West) 


1853-54 


2,0tK) 


Scholarships, gen'l uses. 


H. N. Brinsmade, D. D., - 


1854-65 


7,000 


Professorshio. 


E. C. Chapln, - 


18.54-56 


1,000 


North College. 


General subscriptions (West) 


1856-00 


13,000 


General purposes. 


Mrs. L. Coltou (bequest), - 


1857-00 


5,0(.'0 


Library fund. 


13eneral subscriptions (East") 


1 '-■7-00 


7,800 


General purposes. 


Citizens of Beloit, 


185- lO 


3,0tl0 


Chapel. 


An anonymous friend, - 


1S63 00 


10,000 


Endowment fund. 


Subscriptions (East), 


1863-64 


15,000 


Endowment fund. 


W. S. Oilman, - - 


18(i4M)0 


5, OOO 


Endowment fund. 


Miss C. E. Xye .bequest), 


1864-00 


1,500 


Cieneral purposes. 


James T. Lewis, 


1865-00 


100 


Prize fund. 


A. Harwood, 


1865-00 


12,000 


Professorship. 


Ralph Emerson. 


1866-00 


15, 000 


Library fund. 


Mrs. James H. Rogers, - 


1868-00 


500 


Prize scholarship. 


General subscriptions (West) 


1863-70 


25,000 


Scholarships, gen'l uses. 


General subscriptions (West) 


1 866-70 


16,0110 


Memorial Hall. 


Miss E. Davis. 


1870-00 


500 


Ldl)rary fund. 


Mrs. M. T. Ripley. 


1871-00 


500 


Fund for Chemical Dep't. 


Subscriptions (West). - 


1872-00 


10, 000 


Endowment. 


Citizens of Beloit, Alumni, 








and others. 


1872-75 


3, 900 


Gymnasium. 


Rufus Dodge (bequest), 


1873-00 


5,000 


Education fund. 


Mrs. -M. P. Sqnier (bequest) 


1875-00 


2, 000 


Sqnier professorship. 


James S. Seymour (bequest) 


187(3-00 


3, 000 


Sqnier professorship. 


Miscellaneous small contr'ns 




1,500 


General purposes. 


Wis. Normal School Fund* 


'58-'59-60 


3,440 


Current expenses. 


Contributions from the East 








through Western Col. Soc'y 


1849-57 


8,000 


Current expenses. 



* Before the establishment of State Xormal Schools, a distribution of the income 
of the Wisconsin Xormal School Fund was made to several institutions iu the 
state doing Normal work, in which Beloit College participated. It has received 
no other grant from the state. 



OF BELOIT COLLEGE. 



25 



SUCCESSIVE OFFICERS AND MEMBERS. 



Elect. 


Presidents of the Board. 




Bet. 


1815 


* Rev. Aratus Kent. 


... 


1850 


1850 


Rev. Aaron L. Cliapin, D. D., 
Secretaries of the Board. 


- 




1845 


* Rev. Dexter C'larv. 


. 


1874 


1874 


Rev. Henry P. Higley, 
Members. 


- 




1845 


* Rev. Aratus Kent, - 


.... 


1869 


1845 


* Rev. Dexter Clarv, 


.... 


1874 


1845 


* Rev. !Stei)hen Feet. 


.... 


1855 


1845 


Rev. Flavel Bascom, - 


. 


1850 


18J5 


Rev. Calvin Waterburv, 


. 


1850 


1845 


Rev. Jedediah U. Stevens, 


. 


1873 


1845 


Rev. Aaron L. Chapiu, D. D., 


. 




1845 


Rev. Ruel M. Pearson, 


. 




18)5 


* George W. Hickcox, 


. 


1856 


1845 


* Atisjustine Ravinoud, - 


. 


1851 


1845 


* Charles M.Goodsell, 


. - - . 


1848 


1845 


* Epliraim H. Potter, 


. 


1857 


1845 


Lueius (i. Fisher, 


. 





1845 


Wait Talcott, 


. 




1845 


* Charles S Hempstead, 


. 


1847 


1845 


* Saiiinel Hinman, 


- 


1865 


1848 


» Horatio Newhall, M. D., - 


- 


1866 


1848 


* Eliphalet Cramer, 


- 


1858 


1850 


Rev. G. S. F. Savage, D. D., 


. 





1851 


* Rev. Harvey C'urtis, D. D., - 


. 


1858 


1851 


* Rev. John Lewis, 


. 


1860 


1851 


Benjamin W. Raymond, 


. 




1856 


Rev. Issac E. CaVy, 




18.58 


1856 


* James H. Rogers,' 
Rev. Horatio N. Brinsmade, D 


. 


1863 


185(5 


D.. - 


1865 


18o6 


Anson P. Waterman. 






1858 


Rev. Zephaniah M. Humi)hrev 


D. D., - " - 


1861 


1858 


Rev. Henry B. Holmes, - 


- 


1863 


185S 


Thomas D. Robertson, 


. 





1858 


Ellis S. Chesbrough. - 


. 




1858 


Rev. Charles P. Bush, D.D., 


. 


1860 


1860 


* Rev. Martin P. Kinnev. 


. 


1870 


1861 


Josiah L. Pickard. LL". D., 


. 




1863 


Rev. Charles D, Helmer, 


. 


1876 


1863 


Rev. Isaac E. Carey, 


. 


1874 


1863 


Rev. Charles Boynton, 


. 


1870 


1866 


Samuel D. Hastings, 


. 





1866 


Rev. Enos J. MouFague, 


. 





1866 


Rev. Samuel \V. Eaton, 


. 




1866 


John R. Goodrich, 


. 





1867 


Roger H. Mills. 






1869 


Sereno T. Merrill. 


. 





1869 


Rev. Joseph Collie, 


. 




1870 


Rev. Lyman Whiting. D. D., - 


. 




1870 


Harlan M. Page. 


. 




1873 


Rev. Henry PT Higley, 


. 




1874 


Orlando B. Bidweil, 


. 





1874 


Rev. Henry A. Miner, 
Treasurers. 


- 




1849 


* Jackson J. Bushnell, 


. 


1856 


1858 


*Leander D. (ircgory. 


. 


1869 


1869 


Anson P. Waterman, 


_ - - - 


~ 



* Deceased. 



/ ./ 



/ 



26 



HISTORICAL SKETCH 



SUCCESSIVE MEMBERS OF THE FACULTY. 



Elect. 


Chair of Jlafhemafics and Natui^al Philosoj^hy. 


Eet. 


1848 


Jackson J. 15u!<hnell. M. A., - . - . . 


1853 


1860 


Kev. Henry L. Kelsey, M. A.. - - - - 


1863 


1864 


♦Jackt'on J. Buslinell, iM. A. 

Chair (if Latin and (jtrtek Lanfjuaqes. 


1873 


1848 


Joseph Emerson, M. A - 
Chair of Chemist n/ and Natural Science. 


1856 


1849 


*StephenP. Lathrop. M. D.. ----- 


]8.54 


1858 


Henrv B. Kason, Ph. D., 


1866 


1866 


Elijah P. Hams, Ph. D.. 


1868 


1868 


James H. Eaton. Ph. U, - - - - - 
Chair of Inlellectvut and Morai Philosphy. 




1850 


♦Miles P. Sqnier. I). H.. 


1866 


1864 


James J. Blaisdell. D. D. 

Chair of IJiiitori/ and Ciril Polity. 




1853 


Aaron L. e hapin, D. 1). 
Chair of Rheloric and Enqlish Literature. 





1853 


Franklin W. Fisk.D.D., 


1859 


1859 


James J. Blaisdell. I). D., 


1804 


1868 


Rev. Lvman S. Rowland, M. A., - 


1870 


1871 


Kev. Henrv M. Whitney, M. A. - . - - 
Chair of Mathe/nntics. 




1854 


Rev. William Porter. M. A. - - - . 
Chair of Gneh: Liuiriuage unit Literature. 


1856 


1856 


Rev. Ji'scijh Emerson. M. A. - 
Chair of Latin Lanquagi' and Literature. 





1856 


Rev. William Porter, M. A. - - - - 
Chair of Modern Languages. 




1871 


Peter Hendrickson. M. A. - - - - - 
Chair of Geology. XooUigy and Botany. 




1872 


Thomas C. C'hamberli'n, M. A. - 
Princtpal.'i of Preparatory School. 





1854 


Lucius D. Chajjin, M. A., - - - - • 


1855 


1855 


John P. Fisk, M. A., 


1871 


1871 


Ira W. Pettibone, M. A. 

Instructors in Mathonatics. 




1855 


Rev. Mason P. (irosvenor, . . - . 


1855 


1856 


*Rev. Melzar Montague, M. A. - - . . 
Instrvctor in Chemistry. 


1856 


1856 


*James Richards. M. D. 

Instructors in Rhetoric. 


1857 


1865 


Henry C. Dickinson, B. A., . - - - - 


1866 


1866 


*Rev. E. G. Miner, M. A. 

Tutors. 


1867 


1849 


Isaac E. Carev, B.A., ------ 


1851 


1?50 


'Joseph Hurlbiit, B. A.. - - - - - 


1851 


1851 


Thomas S. Potwin, B. A., . - - - - 


1853 


1853 


Fisk P. Brewer, B. A., - - - - - 


1854 


1854 


Lewis C. Baker, B. A., - 


1855 


1855 


William D. Alexander, B. A., - 


1856 


1856 


Peter McVicar, B. A., - 


18.57 


1857 


William H. Ward, B. A., 


1858 


1857 


Franklin C. Jones, B. A., - 


1858 


1858 


Henry S. BeForest, B. A., - 


1860 


1864 


♦Henry C. Dickinson, B. A. - . . - - 
Assistant's in Preparatory School. 


1865 


1871 


Allison D. Adams, B. A., 


1872 


1872 


Thomas D. Christie, B. A., - 


lb74 


1874 


George B. Adams, B. A., - - . - - 


1S76 


1874 


Goodwin D. Swezey, B. A., - 


1675 


1875 


Samuel T. Kidder, B. A. - 





* Deceased. 



OF BELOIT COLLEGE. 27 

DEGREES. 

Beloit College has conferred the degree of Bachelor 
of Arts on 216 young men, of whom 105 have received 
also the degree of Master of Arts in course. Honorary 
degrees have been conferred as follows: 

1857. LL. D. on *Edward V. Whiton. 

1857. M. A. '' John P. Fisk. 

1858. M. A. " Henry Freeman. 
1858. M. A. " James F. Hunnewell. 
1861. M. A. " *Rev. Martin P. Kinney. 
1861. M. A. " Rev. Edward Brown. 
1861. LL. D. " Orsamus Cole. 

1863. LL. D. " *Richard Yates. 

1863. LL. D. '^ David Davis. 

1864. M. A. " Prof. Chester S. Lyman. 
1869. LL. D. " Timothy 0. Howe. 
1869. LL. D. " Matthew H. Carpenter. 
1869. D. D. " Rev. Flavel Bascom. 
1869. D. D. " *Rev. John J. Miter. 

1869. M. A. " Rev. James R. Danforth. 

1870. LL. D. " Josiah L. Pickard. 
1870. LL. D. " Jason Downer. 

1870. D. D. " Prof. James T. Hyde. 

1871. D. D. " Pres. James W. Strong. 

1871. D. D. '' Pres. Peter McVicar. 

1872. LL. D. '' Cadwallader C. Washburn. 

1872. M. A. " Alfred A. Jackson. 

1873. D. D. " Stephen R. Riggs. 

1873. D. D. '' *Rev. James B. Miles. 

1874. M. A. " Rev. Edward P. Salmon. 
1874. M. A. " Rev. Joel G. Sabin. 
1874. M. A. " Rev. Spencer R. Wells. 

♦Deceased. 



28 



HISTORICAL SKETCH 



DENOMINATIONS OF MINISTERS WHO HATE STUDIED AT 
BELOIT. 

The auspices under which the College was planted, 
and the influences attending its growth, have conduced 
to direct the attention of many of its students to the 
Christian ministry as a profession. The following table 
shows how the fruits of its work, in this respect, have 
heeii distributed among the different branches of the 
church : 





Coug. 


Pres. 


Meth. 


Epis. 


Rcf'd 


Unit. 


Swed. 


Total. 


Graduated at Beloit 

Graduated at other colleges 
Not graduates 


54 
3 
16 


14 
6 

2 


5 
5 


3 

1 


1 


1 


1 


78 
11 
23 














73 


22 


10 


4 1 1 


1 


1 113 



PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS. 

The charter authorizes the board of trustees to open 
departments for the study of the liberal professions. In 
the year 1852 some steps were taken preliminary to 
the establishing of a Theological School in connection 
with the college. But measures soon after adopted for 
setting up separate Theological Seminaries elsewhere on 
this field, led to the abandonment of the plan, and thus 
far no professional schools have been organized. 

The Institution thus stands devoted to the one object 
of making as complete and thorough as possible the 
processes of a proper college educaiion. The foundations 
have been laid broad and deep, and an auspicious begin- 
ning has been made. For the full accomplishment of 
its aim, large additions to its endowments are needed. 



OF BELOIT COLLEGE. 29 

If the spirit of Christian beneficence, which has been its 
dependence hitherto, shall, in the years to come, be 
expanded in due proportion to the developing wealth of 
the region, the wants of the enterprise will be met and 
its abiding prosperity ensured. 




5oi>1. fcltT'l- 



r*> 






f w 



^:j. 



,<SfS 






ffiW= 










iim:i,;.„. 



w^ 



-Sii '.'waiK'jiMi 'iiiMiiEii.mrWjtria'yw. ■ :,.v-^i\ni,i-:'i ■- , i ; .iiiiimi rTim 



HISTORICAL SKETCH 

OF 

RACINE COLLEGE. 



Racine College, situated in the limits of the city of 
Racine, Wisconsin, was founded A. D. 1852. It owes 
its foundation no doubt, primarily, to the conviction of 
those who were leaders iu the enterprise, that the inter- 
ests of religion and the political interests of the coun- 
try so intimately interwoven with the morals of its 
people, demanded that the doctrines of, and the great 
principles of morality embraced in the gospel of our 
Lord, Jesus Christ, should enter prominently into the 
education of the youth of the land; and secondaril}'", to 
the added conviction that the branch of the Catholic 
church, called in this country the Protestant Episcopal, 
had an imperative duty lying in this direction. Prompted 
by this motive, the question of an Episcopal college in 
the diocese of Wisconsin first arose in the convention 
of the church assembled in Milwaukee A. D. 1851, with 
the venerated Bishop Kemper at its head. It was then 
resolved that steps shoidd be taken for the founding of 
such an institution, and that it should be given to that 
one of the lake cities that should first secure a site of 
six acres of ground, and pledges of not less than six 
thousand dollars to \)ut a building thereon. General 
3 



34 HISTORICAL SKETCH 

Pliilo White, in a letter which is recorded in the min- 
utes of the Trustees, claims for himself and the Rev. 
Dr. Cole, President of Nashotah House, the sponsorship 
of the idea. And accordingly we find that the detail of 
business connected with the movement was put into the 
hands of a committee, consisting of those two gentle- 
men and Jacob Morrison, Esq. 

The church in Racine at this time was few in num- 
bers and feeble in means; but, aided by the local interest 
which now came into play, it entered spiritedly into the 
contest with its much stronger rival in Milwaukee. 
Two influential citizens of the place, Dr. Elias Smith,, 
still a Trustee of the institution, and Marshall M. 
Strong, late a Trustee but now dead, took the matter in 
hand, and in a very short time, in advance of all other 
competitors, had not only met but gone much beyond 
the requirements of the resolution of the convention, 
having secured a site of ten acres, and subscriptions to 
the amount of $10,000 for a building. So Racine had 
won the location. The site, donated by Charles S. 
Wright and his brother Truman Gr. Wright, was all 
that could be desired. Racine city, as is well known, is 
situated on a neck of sandy and gravel land, lying high 
and dry between a far extending prairie on the west, and 
Lake Michigan on the east. On the narrowest part of 
this neck of land, with the native forest trees still stand- 
ing, about one mile and a half south of the central part 
of the city, the college is located; and to those fond of 
broadly extended and varied views, nothing could be 
more picturesque and pleasing. The fertile prairie dot- 
ted with its farm houses and frequent clusters of trees, 
and the boundless expanse of the lake covered with its 



OF EACINE COLLEGE. 35 

numerous sails and other crafts of commerce, fall at a 
glance under the eye of the beholder from the college 
lookout, and what is of still greater importance^ the lo- 
cation is unexcelled in healthfulness. Such a site being 
secured, and the subscription in hand for the proposed 
building, application was immediately made to the legis- 
lature for a charter, which, with liberal provisions, was 
granted on the 3d day of March, A. D. 1852, and en- 
titled "An act to incorporate the Board of Trustees of 
Racine College." The names of the corporators given 
in this charter are as follows, in their order: Roswell 
Park, Elias Smith, Isaac Taylor, Philo White, Isaac J. 
Ullman, Matthew B. Mead, Nelson Pendleton, Marshall 
M. Strong, Joseph H. Nichols, Jackson Kemper, Ben- 
jamin Akerly, Thos. J. Ruger, William Adams, Eleazer 
A. Greenleaf, J. Bodwell Doe and Azel D. Cole, and it 
was provided that they should choose their own associ- 
ates and successors. 

The first meeting of the board was held on the 10th 
day of March, A. D. 1852, and presided over by the Rev. 
Joseph H. Nichols,* the Rector at that time of St. 

* The Rev. Joseph Uurlbut Nichols, A. M., the first President of the Board 
of Trustees of Racine College, and for nine 3'ears an honored member of its 
faculty, was born on the 20th of August, 1805, at Newtown, Conn. He was grad- 
uated at Yale College in 1895, admitted to the bar in Albany, N. Y., in 18-.J8, 
and soon after became a student in divinity, and was ordained to the minis- 
try by Bishop Benjamin T. Onderdonlc, in 1831: was for some time assistant 
to Bishop Moore, of Virginia, and in charge of the Monumental Church at 
Richmond; was subsequently for several years rector of Christ Church, 
Greenwich, Conn., and then assistant minister in Trinity Church, New 
Haven. From thence he was called, in 1848, to the rectorship of St. Lulcc's 
Church, Racine, and there, as noticed in the text, became connected with the 
college as one of the chief promotors of its organization. Shortly afterward, 
having resigned his rectorship of the parish, he became Professor of English 
Literature. In 1862, animated by patriotic zeal, though in feeble health, he 
entered the army as chaplain, and died at Washington the same year. Mr. 



36 HISTORICAL SKETCH 

Luke's Church at Racine. At this meeting it was or- 
dered " that the corner stone of the first buikling be laid 
on the 5th day of May following," whicli we find was 
accordingly done, with appropriate ceremonies, and au 
address by the Rev. Mr. Nichols. At a subsequent 
meeting, the building in process of erection was named 
Park Hall, in honor of the then contemplated first pres- 
ident of the institution, Rev. Roswell Park, D. D.,* 
whose name had already been placed at the head of the 
list of corporators. At a meeting of the board held 
about the first of November in the same 3'ear, Dr. Park 
was unanimously elected to the presidency of the incip- 

Nichols was a man of high culture and fine poetic taste; was a popular mag- 
azine writer, and has left behind him some fugitive peices of poetry of rare 
merit. 

* Rev. Roswell Park, D.D., was born at Lebanon, Conn., on the 1st of Octo- 
ber, 1807. In 1831, he graduated at West Point, having held the appointment as 
assistant professor for the last two years of his course. He then received a 
lieutenant's commission in the United States engineer corps; but during 
the summer furlough studied at Union College, and there received his first 
degree in the arts: subsequently he was stationed at Newport, R. I., then at 
Boston, from which latter place he was called, in 1836, to the immediate 
charge of the Delaware breakwater. In the same year he was appointed and 
accepted the professorship of Natural Philosophy and Chemistry in the uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania. In 1843, he resigned his professorship and removed 
to Burlington, N. J., and there studied Theology, and was ordained to the 
ministry the same year. Soon afterward he opened a private school in Pom- 
fret, Conn., which he carried on with great success till 1852, when he was 
called to the presidency of Racine College. During most of the time of his 
connection with the college, he was also rector of the parish church, Profes- 
sor Nichols having resigned that position on account of ill health. Upon 
the dissolution of his connection with the college, he removed to Chicago 
and opened there a private school, which he successfully carried on until the 
time of his death, which happened on the 16th of July, 1869. The published 
works of Dr. Park are a brief history of West Point, a large work entitled 
Pantology, or a systematic survey of human knowledge, and several volumes 
of poems, which are characterized by Dr. Everest, from whom this note is 
abridged, as being pervaded by a tone of true feeling, and at times by a vein 
of lively and pleasant humor. 



OF RACINE COLLEGE. 37 

ient institution, and of its Board of Trustees. He ac- 
cepted the election and immediately entered upon his 
work with all the enthusiasm of an ambitious tiller of 
virgin soil. On the 15th day of the same month he 
opened the school, consisting of nine scholars, in a 
hired room, under the chartered name of Racine College. 
And in addition to the labor of the school, in which he 
was the only teacher, he seems to have taken upon him- 
self the chief direction of the building and the manage- 
ment of the finances. 

At a special meeting held on the 18th day of July, 
1853, the following were added to the faculty: Rev. Jo- 
seph H. Nichols, A. M., Professorof English Literature; 
Marshall M. Strong, Esq., Lecturer on Political Science, 
and P. H. Hoy, M. I)., Lecturer on Physiology and the 
Natural Sciences, and three young men as assistant 
teachers. On the 2Sth of this same month the first 
collegiate year closed with 33 students, and the first 
commencement was held, and Benjamin A. Segur, B. S., 
and Elijah Y. Smith, are the first recorded graduates. 

On the 14th day of September following, Park Hall 
was finished and ready for occupancy, and within its 
walls the second collegiate year was entered upon. In 
his fii-st annual catalogue Dr. Park thus describes this 
buil^ling, which is given here, as it was in some respects 
a model for subsequent ones: "The edifice is built of 
pale brick, in Grothic style, and is 120 feet long and 34 
feet wide. The central part which projects to the front 
contains four large recitation rooms, besides a chapel, 
with open roof, occupying the whole of the upper 
story, and a kitchen and dining room in the basemenc. 
There are ten rooms in each wins: desisrned for students' 



38 HISTORICAL SKETCH 

dormitories," * To this description the Doctor adds 
the following: "The building was erected under the 
direction of a committee appointed by the subscribers, 
and consisting of Dr. Elias Smith and the Messrs. 
Isaac Taylor and John M. Gary, to whom the thanks 
of this community are eminently due for their assidu- 
ous, judicious and gratuitous prosecution of the work 
to a successful close." 

The college being thus housed, and having an abid- 
ing place, it is wortli while here to stop our progress 
for a moment, in order to see what was the Jiterary 
standard set up, and just how far it was a Protestant 
Episcopal institution, . As to the former, the following 
is the description taken from the progi-amme of the 
first catalogue: "Besides the preparatory department 
of Racine College, open to youuger scholars, there will 
be two courses of study pursued in this institution, 
according to the aims and resources of the student. 
The full course is designed for those who wish to enter 
the learned professions, or at least to pursue an extended 
course of study. It will be conformed to the ordinary 
standard of American colleges. * * * The shorter 
course is designed for those students who wish to obtain 
a superior education, and then to engage in business 
pursuits. It may be entered upon at once, by those 
who are proficient in Arithmetic, Geography and Eng- 
lish Grammar, without any previous study of Greek 
and Latin, and it may be completed in two years. So 
that a youth entering at fourteen may graduate at six- 
teen, and receive the lower degree of Bachelor of Sci- 

*The interior of this 'builcling was subsequently remodeled, aud so 
changed that it would not be recognized from this description. 



OF EACINE COLLEGE. 39 

ence, if he shall have sustained his examinations. Com- 
petent students, after graduating in the shorter course, 
may complete the full course in two years more, by 
close application, and then receive the ordinary degree 
of Bachelor of Arts." 

As far as the objects of the two courses here laid out 
iire concerned, the curriculum of studies prescribed is 
well fitted to meet them, but the writer is constrained 
to remark, that when it is implied that a youth of four- 
teen, with the required attainments, may obtain a supe- 
rior ^education in two years, or graduate in four years 
with full college honors, reference must be had only to 
youths of very extraordinary ability. 

As to the denominational character of the school, 
though a majorit}' of the corporators were churchmen, 
several of them clergymen, there is in the first charter 
no other intimation that it was to be a church institu- 
tion. But the President was a church clergyman, and 
iit the meeting of the Trustees held in November, 1852, 
the following preamble and items were adopted: 

" Whereas, Racine College was founded under the 
auspices of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the 
United States, and has already received considerable 
donations as a church institution, it is hereby under- 
stood and declared by the Board of Trustees: 

'• 1. That in all future elections to the Board, prefer- 
ence be given to communicants or members of the 
Protestant Episcopal Church, unless there be special 
reasons to the contrary. 

" 2. That the Bishop of the diocese be ex officio a 
member of this Board and visitor of the College, with 
authority at all times to examine fully into the state of 



40 HISTORICAL SKETCH 

its affairs,- and to report on the same at auy meeting of 
this Board. 

" 3. That the President of the College and the major- 
ity of the Faculty shall be communicants or members of 
the Protestant Episcopal Church. 

" 4. That the Book of Common Prayer of this church 
shall be used with the Bible regularly in the dail}^ 
devotions." 

So far, at this time, was the college a Protestant 
Episcopal institution. But that it was extremely lib- 
eral in the conduct of its affairs, is evident from the 
following statement found in the early catalogues: " Di- 
vine Service is performed every Sunda}^ in the college 
chapel, but the students are free to attend any place of 
worship which they niaj'^ choose, or their parents may 
desire." And further, it does not appear that any defi- 
nite church instruction was given to the students, and 
in the list of text books used, no catechism or any other 
book of a church character (if we except Adams' Chris- 
tian Science) is included. 

Having thus glanced at the internal character of the 
institution, we now resume the history of its progress. 
For three or four years following, the points of interest 
are few. The board of trustees remained essentially un- 
changed. Outside aid was sought and obtained, in 
numerous instances, for improving the building, en- 
larging the library, collecting a cabinet and providing 
chemical and philosophical apparatus ; insomuch that, 
aided by the current income from the students, and from 
lectures given by himself in different parts of the coun- 
try, Dr. Park could report in his fifth annual catalogue 

library of 1,400 volumes, a valuable cabinet of min- 



OF RACINE COLLEGE. 41 

erals and curiosities, a respectable amount of philo- 
sophical apparatus, and a building, with its surround- 
ings and fixtures, worth 5^15,000, and the institution 
nearly free from debt, a gratifying result, due without 
doubt to the industry and the prudent and careful man- 
agement that ever characterized the man.* 

In the spring of 1857, so prosperous had the institu- 
tion become financially and in respect to number of 
students, that a second building was declared necessary, 
and for this, without reference to their ecclesiastical 
connections, the citizens of Racine again came to the 
front with liberal hand, enabling the Doctor to re- 
port in November of the same year, as follows : " In 
April and May last, the citizens of Racine munificently 
subscribed $^12,000 for the erection of a second college 
building, a twin to the first, the corner-stone of which 
was laid by Bishop Kemper on the 1th day of last July, 
and the exterior of which is now completed so that it 
may be finished internally for the use of the English 
department in the coming season. The work has been 
thoroughly executed under the charge of a building 
committee consisting of Isaac Taylor, Lyman W. Mon- 
roe and Dr. Elias Smith, of the board of trustees, L^ 
Bradley, Esq., being the architect." This building is 

* In 1853, Octavlus Perinchief, A. B., was added to the faculty, as tutor in 
Greek and Latin, and Llewellyn J. Evans, B. S., as principal of the English 
department. At the end of the year the number of students had increased 
to 62. In the third annual catalogue (1854), Mr. Evans appears as tutor in 
Latin and Greek, and Edward Seymour, A. B., as principal of the English 
department. Number of students, 63. In the fourth, the Rev. S. B. Seaman, 
A. M., appears as professor of Greek and Latin, and Warren J. Durham, A. 
B., principal of the English department. Number of students, 80. In the 
fifth, Prof. Seaman has been replaced by the Rev. George Cowel, A. M. 
Students, 51. 



42 HISTORICAL SKETCH 

located about two liundred and fort}' feet soutli of Park 
Hall, and, with it, fronting the lake shore road. 

At the time of this report, the stringency in the 
money market was increasing, and the prosperity which 
had so far attended the college began to wane. Stu- 
dents fell off largely, during the following year, and the 
final term closed in the midst of many discouragements, 
and fortunate it was that, under the president's careful 
management, no debt had accumulated. In the spring 
of 1859, he reports: "The new college building has not 
3'et been completed, owing to the severity of the times; 
but all that remains to be done is the lathing, plastering 
and painting, which can be executed by sections when 
the room shall be required," thus indicating that, though 
somewhat depressed, he was buoyed up by hope, and 
still true to his instinct of avoiding debt.* 

We have now passed in our review the last year of 
Dr. Park's presidency, and because radical changes fol- 
lowed thereupon and a general reconstruction of affairs, 
we may say that here ends the first stage of the his- 
tory of the institution. And, before entering upon the 
second stage of its history, it would be wrong not to 
turn aside from our progress for a moment, and, so far 
as can be done in a sketch like this, give honor to Avhom 

*The faculty of instruction, reported this year (1858-9), is as follows: 

Rev. Roswell Park, D. D., President, and Professor of Mathematics and 
Natural Philosophy. 

Rev. Joseph n. Nichols, A. M., Professor of English Literature. 

Rev. Homer Wheeler, A. M., Professor of Greek and Latin, and Chaplain 
of the College. 

Hon. J. R. Doolittle, LL. D., Lecturer on Legal Science and Political 
JEconomy. 

Philo R. Hoy, M. D., Lecturer on the Natural Sciences and Physiology. 

Warren J. Durham, A. B., Principal of the English Department. 



OF EACIJSTE COLLEGE. 43 

honor is due, m starting an enterprise which promises 
to be of so great importance to coming generations. 
To the citizens of Racine, generally, the college OAves a 
great debt of gratitude, not only for liberal contribu- 
tions, but for an abiding interest in all its affairs, with- 
out which it could not have existed. But, without be- 
ing invidious, I may name the following : Isaac Taylor, 
H. S. Durand, Nelson Pendleton, A. McClurg, Charles 
Wright & Brother, Lee & Dickson, L. W. Monroe, 
Charles Herrick and Gen. Philo White as the largest 
contributors of money; and Marshall M. Strong, Esq., 
who was not only a large contributor, but whose coun- 
sel and personal efforts down to the day of his death 
were of inestimable value; and Dr. Elias Smith, who, at 
every demand, has always contributed to the fullest ex- 
tent of his ability, has been an active member on every 
building committee, and has stood, and still stands as a 
sentinel to give warning of any impending danger. To 
these men in particular, among the citizens, is the college 
greatly indebted for its foundation, but more especially 
to its first president. From the time that Dr. Park 
came upon the grounds, he was the acknowledged lead- 
er, not only of the educational work, but in all the 
financial interests; always forgetful of self, with nothing 
for his salary except Avliat was left when all other claims 
were met,* he toiled on until the management was trans- 
ferred to other hands, with one building complete, an- 
other nearly so, no debt incurrel, haI a property worth 
$30,000. Hence, he is most justly entitled to the le- 
gend on his tomb beneath the chancel w^indow of the 

* In one report, after summing up his balance sheet for the year, he adds, 
".leaving for president's salary, $7." 



44: HISTOKICAL SKETCH 

cliapel : '" Rey. Roswell Pake, D.D., the Founder and 
first President of Racine College." 

HISTORY OF RACINE COLLEGE IN ITS SECOND STAGE. 

We pass now to the history of Racine College in its 
second stage, Avhich it entered npon in the autumn of 
1859. 

The changes in the constitution and character of the 
institution, which have already been alluded to as radi- 
cal, had their origin in this wise: There was existing 
at this time a new institution at Delafield, Wis., under 
the chartered name of '' St. John's Hall," designed to 
be a training school of 3'oung men pursuing their 
studies, preparatory to entering the Theological School 
of Nashotah House. This institution was under the 
rectorship of the Rev. James De Koven, now the Rev. 
Doctor James De Koven, the present Warden of the 
College, and, in which, he was assisted by the Rev. J. 
S. B. Hodges, and the Rev. Henry C. Shaw. Its build- 
ing was onl}' a cheap wooden structure. The thought 
suggested itself to the minds of man\' churchmen, that 
this institution might with profit be united to Racine 
College. Doctor Park immediately fell in with the idea, 
and, in order to effect the union, proposed to resign the 
presidency of the college into the hands of Dr. De 
Koven, and take npon himself a professorship, with the 
understanding that $2,000, which Doctor Cole, the 
President of Nashotah House, had in hand as a building 
fund for St. John's Hall, should be expended in com- 
pleting the unfinished building at Racine. The propo- 
sition was accepted, with the condition, that vacancies 



OF KACINE COLLEGE. 45 

should be made in the Board of Trustees of Racine, 
sufficient to admit the Trustees of St. John's; and that 
the charter should be modified, as soon as convenient, 
to suit the new management. The proposed arrange- 
ments were satisfactory to all parties concerned, and the 
details of the union at once entered upon. A special 
meeting of the trustees was held on the 7th da}' of Sep- 
tember, 1859; the first business of which was to recon- 
struct the board as agreed upon.* To this new board. 
Dr. Park presented his resignation in the following 
words: 

"To the Honorable, the Board of Trustees of liaciiie College. 

"Gentlemen. — In order to effect the union of St. 
John's Hall with this institution, I hereby resign the 
office of President of Racine College and of its Board 
of Trustees, with grateful remembrance for all your 
past kindness, and fervent prayers for your future wel- 
fare. " Very respectfully yours, 

(Signed) . " Roswell Park." 

His resignation being accepted, and due compliment- 
ary resolutions passed, the Rt. Rev. Bishop Kemper 
was elected President of the Board of Trustees, and the 
Rev. James De Koven, Rector f of the College; the 

*The names of the members of the board, as recoustructecl, were as fol- 
lows: Et. Eev. Jackson Kemper, D. D.; Rt. Eev. Geo. Upfold, D. D.; Rt. 
Rev. Samuel A. McClosky, D. D. ; Rt. Rev. H. B. Whipple, D. D. ; Rev. Ros- 
well Park, D. D.; Rev. Wm. Shelton, D. D.; Eev. Azel D. Cole, D. D. ; Rev. 
William Adams, D. D.; Rev. R. H. Clarksen, D. D.; Rev. D. Keene, B. D.; 
Eev. J. P. T. Ingraham, B. D.; Rev. Joseph H. Nichols, Rev. J. S. B. 
Hodges, Rev. Clinton Locke, Rev. James De Koven, Dr. Elias Smith, Isaac 
Taylor, Nelson Pendleton, M. B. Mead, J. B. Doe, C. H. Larrabee, P. R. 
Morgan, Wm. K. May and Marshall M. Strong. 

tThis title implies the same as President. It was subsequeuUy changed 



46 HISTORICAL SKETCH 

Rev. J. S. B. Hodges, Vice Rector;* the Rev. H. C. 
Shaw, Head Master of the Grammar School, and the 
Rev. Edward Seymour, Assistant Master. Professor 
Wheeler was transferred to the Mathematical Depart- 
ment, and Doctor Park was made Chancellor and Pro- 
fessor of Natural Philosophy and Chemistry. The 
chair of Latin and Greek was left to be filled, for the 
time being, by the Warden. 

The union being thus consummated, the new build- 
ing was soon completed, and, in honor of Bishop 
Kemper, named Kemper Hall. On the 5th day of 
October, Racine College entered upon the work of its 
second stage in two divisions, a Grammar School and 
College proper, of which a further account will be given 
when we come to speak of the work done. 

By the consent of all, the institution was now defi- 
nitely proclaimed to be a church institution, not only 
in name, but in fact. In the first register published 
afterwards, it was declared " that the object of the insti- 
tution was to educate the youth placed in it through 
the agency of the church of the Living God, and in the 
principles of the Catholic faith as held by the Protestant 
Episcopal Church in the United States, and with an 
especial view, moreover, to the preparing for the study 
of Theology, those intending to become Clergymen." 
And accordingly we find now, for the first time in the 
list of text books, such as the following: Church Cate- 
chism, NicholVs Help to Reading the Bible, Tlie- 
ophilus Americanus, and other books of a like character. 

to that of " Warden; ■' and horeafter this office will be spoKen of under this 
last title. 

* Mr. Hodges did not accept. 



OF RACINE COLLEGE. 47 

This proclamation was equivalent, of course, to 
throwing the institution for its support exclusively 
upon the church, and those who, though not of the 
church, were not afraid of her teaching. As might 
have heen expected, very few of the students of the 
previous year returned, and the classes were, for the 
most part, made up of the young men, about thirty in 
number, whom Doctor De Koven had brought with 
him from St. John's Hall. So it may be said that, for 
this 3"ear at least, the college Avas dependent on the 
"daily bread" fund of Nashotah House. 

It is worth while at this point to notice the following 
features in the government of the institution, now in- 
augurated, as they undoubtedly had much to do with 
its subsequent popularity. Except day scholars, who 
boarded at home with their parents, the students were 
all required to board in the college buildings, and after 
the former statement in the Register with reference to 
the religious character of the institution, we read the 
following : " The rector and three of the clergy reside 
with the students in the college buildings, and direct 
the internal government and discipline of the college. 
They devote their whole time and care to the duties of 
the institution, with the endeavor to realize the idea of 
a Christian family, where the teachers are elder broth- 
ers, and the scholars dutiful, obedient younger members, 
all working together for the good of each other and the 
glory of God. As a family they all meet together in a 
common dining hall, and as a family they all pi'ay to- 
gether, morning and evening, in the daily service of the 
church, in the college chapel. It is believed that in this 
way boys and young men are best shielded from sin and 



48 HISTORICAL SKETCH 

evil when away from the shelter of home and the care 
of parents." 

These features of college life, new in this country, if 
perhaps we except St. James College, Maryland, seemed 
to arrest the attention of parents having sons to edu- 
cate. At any rate, during the following year, there was 
a large increase of pupils, the number rising from forty 
to upwards of sixty. This year, which was the eighth 
of the college, the faculty also was increased by the ad- 
dition of Mr. E. B. Spalding, A. M., and H. H. Van 
Dusen, A. M., young men graduates of Hobart College 
N. Y., as assistant masters in the Grammar School. 

The year 1862 was especially marked bj'^ the procure- 
ment of the contemplated amendment to the charter, 
which provides that the Bishop of the diocese, the presi- 
dent of Nashotah House, and the AVarden of the col- 
lege, shall be ex officio trustees, and that all trustees 
hereafter elected shall be communicants of the Protest- 
ant Episcopal Church. 

On the 10th day of July this year, the first class un- 
der the present wardenship was graduated. It consisted 
of the following six young men : Wm. Cox Pope, Thom- 
as L. Bellam, Stejihen W. Frisbie, Wm. J. Pigott, 
George A. Whitnej^ and George Vernor. These gradu- 
ates were all preparatorj^ students of Nashotah House, 
and are now all laboring in the ministry in different 
parts of the country, one, Mr. Bellam, being the rector 
of Jarvis Hall, Colorado. 

In 1863, the first set of statutes was passed by the 
trustees and published, and under these statutes the 
board of fellows was organized, which, with some sub- 
sequent changes with respect to membership, privileges, 



OF EACINE COLLEGE. 49 

and duties, has continued down to the present day. It 
holds its meetings once a month, and is regarded as un- 
der the Warden, the governing body of the internal 
affairs of the institution. 

The eleventh year, 1862-3, was marked by the follow- 
ing changes in the faculty : Prof. Nichols resigned and 
entered the army as chaplain ; Dr. Park also resigned 
both his offices, chancellor and professor, and Rev. J. C. 
Passmore, D. D., late of St. James College, Maryland, 
was called to and accepted the chair of Rhetoric, Intel- 
lectual Philosophy and Political Economy. Dr. Pass- 
more brought to this chair a long experience, having 
been for twenty years professor in St. James College, 
and rare qualifications, and added much to the intellec- 
tual standing of the institution. In 186i, the Warden, 
feeling that the burden of the discipline and the general 
oversight of the institution was too much for one man, 
created on his own authority the office of "Head Mas- 
ter of the College,'' and placed in this office Mr. E. B. 
Spalding, now the Rev. E. B. Spalding, who had already 
proved liis efficiency in the government of the grammar 
school. Mr. Spalding has held this office down to the 
present time, it having been subsequently established 
by the trustees, the title changed to that of " Sub- 
Avarden," and ranked as the second office of the college ; 
and in the establishment of that good order which has 
all along characterized the institution, he has ever been 
intimately associated with the Warden. 

In the year 1864, on the 15th day of January, the 

college met with its first calamity by fire. Park Hall, 

with the exception of one wing, was burned to the 

ground. In this conflagration nearly all the library, 

4 



50 HISTOKICAL SKETCH 

the cabinet and philosophical apparatus which had been 
gathered by the assiduous labors of Dr. Park, were lost, 
together with our neat upper room chapel. It is worthy 
of notice that so well ordered was the discipline at this 
time, that though all the lecture rooms were destroj^ed, 
and about fifty students deprived of their dormitories, 
yet only one day was lost from the regular class work, 
and no more than two or three students left. The par- 
lors and guest rooms of Kemper Hall were converted 
into study and lecture rooms ; the dormitories there 
were multiplied; a chapel was extemporized in one cor- 
ner of the gymnasium, and in a very few days every 
thing- Avas going on as usual. It is said that a fire 
(though nothing can be more terrible at the time being) 
is often a blessing; so it proved in this case. Sympa- 
thizing friends both in and out of Racine, came forward 
with liberal hand, and with the aid of the insurance, be- 
fore the next autumn the burned building was restored 
in an improved condition, and a new chapel, a separate 
building, was in process of erection, the corner stone 
being laid by Bishop Kemper on the 18th day of Au- 
gust, 1874. As this is one of the permanent buildings 
of the institution, I here give an outline of its descrip- 
tion. 

It is located on a line half way between Park and 
Kemper Halls, and about 200 feet west, designed to be 
the centre of the contemplated quadrangle. It is built 
of the pale brick of Racine with red brick ornamen- 
tation, the walls are high and the roof Gothic and open, 
the windows are filled Avith richly stained glass. Its 
dimensions are 90 b}^ 30 feet, besides a robing room and 
organ chamber. It will seat about 300 persons. Very 



OF RACIXE COLLEGE. 51 

few churches in the country are more admired. The 
whole cost, inchiding organ, was nearly $18,000. 

Another important event of this year v/as the enlarge- 
ment of the College domain from ten to ninety acres. 
This enlargement was made by purchase from the estate 
of the late M. M. Strong, Esq., of the board of trustees. 
Mr. Strong had secured the land for this especial purpose 
in his own name previous to his death, which happened 
in the spring of this year. A large part of it now under 
thorough cultivation constitutes the College farm. To 
the lamented Strong, who died in the spring of 1861, we 
have to add the names of Nelson Pendleton and Isaac 
Taylor in 1865. All these gentlemen were among the 
largest contributors to the College and its staunchest 
friends, and all members of the board of trustees from 
the first. Mr. Taylor, who was a man of wealth, had 
long been considering a plan for advancing the useful- 
ness of the College by the endowment of some charity 
connected with it, or the. erection of another building, 
but was taken away suddenly, before his plan was fully 
matured, leaving all of his estate to his widow. One 
year afterwards, in October, 1866, Mrs. Taylor also died, 
having, among her other munificent charities, in ac- 
cordance with her late husband's wishes, bequeathed to 
Racine College the sum of $65,000, of which $30,000 were 
to be used in the erection of a building, $5,000 as the 
trustees might decide^ and the balance to be securely in- 
vested chiefly for the educational benefit of the orphan sons 
of Episcopal clergymen in the diocese of Wisconsin. This 
noble foundation was the first and is the only endow- 
ment of the institution. In pursuance of the provisions 
of the Taylor bequest, the corner stone of Taylor Hall 



52 HISTOKICAL SKETCH 

was laid on the 22d day of June, 1S67, and the building 
finished and occupied before the following- Christmas. 
This edifice, the most imposing of any yet built, is 
located on the northwest corner of the quadrangle, 
about 400 feet west of Park Hall. In its shape, with 
the exception of the roof, it follows the original model, 
but is much larger. It is about 150 feet in length and 
60 in width, besides a tower projecting from the west 
front. The roof is Mansard. Including the basement 
and attic there are five floors. As restored (it was burnt 
a year ago as noticed further on), it furnishes the library 
and five lecture rooms, and the remainder is fitted to 
accommodate upwards of fifty students with study and 
bed rooms, besides the families of Warden and Sub warden. 
The original cost of the building was about $36,000. 

I stop progress here a moment, to give a summary of 
certain changes in, and additions to the faculty, down 
to the present time, and of other matters which could 
not well be introduced in chronological order. 

In 1865 Rev. Geo. W. Dean, A. M., was added to the 
faculty as Professor of Latin and Greek; in 1866 the 
Rev. Alex. Falk, Ph. D., as Professor of German and His- 
tory, and Rev. R. G. Hinsdale, A. M., as Professor of 
Chemistry and Geology, and in -1867 the Rev. J. J. 
Elmendorf, S. T. D., as Professor of English Literature 
and Philosophy, the previous occupant of this chair» 
the Rev. Dr. Passmore having died, much lamented, in 
1866. In 1872 Prof. Dean resigned his chair. Dr. Falk 
was transferred to the newly created chair of Greek, 
and Rev. J. H. Converse, A. M., was called to and 
accepted the chair of Latin, the professorship of His- 
tory and Political Economy being given to the Sub- 



OF RACINE COLLEGE. 06 

■warden. In 1873 tlie chair of Physics and Astronomy 
was created. Up to this time the duties of this chair 
had been fulfilled by the Professors of Mathematics and 
Chemistry; to this chair the Rev. C. N. Spalding was 
called, but did not accept until the fall of 1875. 

The grauimar school, which has not demanded our 
separate attention, though a large majority of students 
have always been members of it, has in all these years 
moved on with a full organized faculty of instruction 
nnder the supervision of the Warden, and Subwarden, 
the studies being directed by the board of fellows as by 
statute provided. This department is arranged in six 
forms, the full course requiring six years. A youth 
having completed the sixth form is ready to enter the 
collegiate department.* 

* The following is a list of the memlKTS of the faculty of this department 
since its organization in 1859, with the time of service of each, to which is 
added the curriculum of studies pursued in it at the present time: 

Rev. Henry C. Shaw, B. D., Adj. Prof. Latin and Greek, 1859-1869. 

Kev. Edward Seymour, Tutor, 1859-1861 

E. B. Spalding, A. M., Head Master, 1860 (now Subwarden). 

H. H. Van Dusen, A. M., Assistant Master, 1860-1867. 

S. Herbert Taylor, Tutor, 1862-1864. 

B. E. Fleetwood, A. B., Tutor, 1863-1865. 

Geo. Burton, A. B., Tutor, 1864-1865. 

David Bonnar, Tutor, 1864-1865. 

Kev. Chas. S. Siebt, Tutor in German, 1865-1867. 

Rev. Watson B. Hall, A. B., Adj. Prof. Math., 1865. 

Wm. E. Lightner, A. M., Tutor, 1865-1868. (Died.) 

Dan. Marvin, A. M., Adj. Prof. Cireek, 1867-1871. 

Giles R. Hallam, A. B., Tutor, 1867-1868. 

Henry K. Huntington, A. B., Tutor, 1867-1808. 

Rev. T. D. Pitts, A. M., Adj. Prof. Eng. Lit., 1868-1871. 

M. S. V. Heard, A. M., Adj. Prof. Lat., 1868-1872 

George S. Mead, A. B., Adj. Prof. Hist., 1868. 

Walter K. Tales, B. D., Tutor, 1868-1871. 

Samuel M. Hudson, A. B.. Tutor, 1870-1875. 

G. B. Morgan, A. B., Tutor, 1870-lf71. 



54 HISTORICAL SKETCH 

The general dining hall, or refectory, up to 1871, 
had been in the basement of Keraper Hall. This be- 
coming crowded and inconvenient, the trustees, in the 
spring of this year, took measures to provide a separate 
building to be used for this purpose. A committee, con- 
sisting of J. S . Rumsey, Esq., and Edvi^in H. Sheldon, 
of Chicago, was appointed to take tlie matter in hand. 
By hard work, and the aid of subscriptions raised the 

Rev. Arthur Piper, A. M., Tutor, 1871. 

Rev. F. S. Luther, A. M., Rector of School, 1872. 

Edward C. Gould, A. M., Tutor iu Greek, 1873-1875. 

Horace II. Martin, A. B., Tutor, 1875. 

Gerald R. McDowell, A. B„ Tutor, 1875. 

Chas. Truesdell, A. B., Tutor, 1875. 

COURSE OE STUDIES IN CLASSICAL SCHOOL. 

PREPARATORY DEPARTMENT. 

FIRST FORM. 

Sacred Studies. — Church Catechism Simplified. 

Mathematics and History — Arithmetic; Davies' Intellectual. 

English and Miscellaneous — Spelling, Reading, Writing. Geography; 
Guyot's Intermediate, with Outline Maps. Clark's Beginner's Grammar. 
Specimen Letters. 

SECOND FORM. 

Sacred Studies — Bible Questions. Mrs. Weston's Catechism. 

Mathematics and i/is)!o/'y— Arithmetic; Davies' Practical. 

English and Miscellaneous — ^'po.Wmg. Reading, Writing. Geography; 
Guyot's Common School, with Outline Maps. Clark's Beginner's Grammar. 
Specimen Letters. 

THIRD FORM. 

Sacred Studies — Chosen People; Youge. Biblical Questions. Collects. 
Church Catechism. 

Ancient Languages — Allen and Greenough's Latin Grammar. Leighton's 
Latin Lessons, 

Mathematics and History — Arithmatic; Davies' University. History of 
the United States ; Quackenhos. 

English and Miscellaneous — Spelling, Reading, Writing. Clark's Nor- 
mal Grammar. Specimen Letters. 

FOURTH FORM. 

Sacred /S/lMrfees — Maclear's New Testament History. Biblical Questions. 
Collects. Church Catechism 



OF RACINE COLLEGE. 55 

previous year by Professors Talk and Wheeler, in aid of 
an endowment (the subscribers consenting to have them 
go in this direction), the money needed was raised and 
the buikliug erected. It stands at the north end of 
Kemper Hall, is about 100 feet long and 30 wide, all 
finished in one room. During the next season (1872), 
another building was added to this for school rooms, and 
recitation rooms, for the grammar department. These two 

Anaeiil Lcuujuagcs — Citisa.r; Alien and Greenouglrs Latin Grammar. 
Hadley's Greek Grammar. Boise'f5 First Lessons in Greek. 

Mathematics and History — Arithmetic; Davies' University (finished). 
Berard's History of England. 

English and Miscellaneous — Spelling, Writing. English GJrammar; Bui 
lion. Specimen Letters. 

FIFTH FORM. 

Sacred Studies — SnAlev's'M.simia.l. Collects. 

Ancient Languages — yirgii; six books. Harkness' Latin Compositiou 
Xenophon's Anabasis; three books. Hadley's Greek Grammar. 

Mathet)iafics and History — History of Greece. Algebra ; Davies' Univer- 
sity, to Equations of the Second Degree. 

English and J/?sc«;ton«OMS — Spelling, Writing. Declamations. Compo- 
sition. Natural Philosophy; Qnackenbos. English Literature; Oilman. 
Hart's Rhetoric. 

SIXTH FOUM. 

Sacred Studies — S&&\e.r's Manual. 

Ancient Languages —Cicero's Orations against Cataline, on the Maniliau 
Law, and for the Poet Archias. Harkness' Latin Compositiou. Xenophon's 
Cyropwdia; two books. Homer's Iliad; four books. Hadley's Greek Gram- 
mar. Greek Composition. 

Mathematics and /Tw/o/'y— Geometry; six books. History of Greece. 

English and Miscellaneous — Spelling. Declamation. Composition. 
Fowler's English Grammar. 

COURSE OF STUDIES IN MATHEMATICAL SCHOOL. 

PKEP.\Il.\TORY DEPARTMENT. 

" C" CLASS. 

Mathematics — Bayies' University Arithmetic. 
1 English and Miscellaneous -'Ewgiii^h Grammar; Bullion. 
Natural Science — Geography. Physical Geography. 
History — History of England, 
ia^tw — Leightou's Latin Lessons. 



56 HISTOEICAL SKETCH 

buildings fill up tlie entire space between tlie two original 
halls, and complete the east front of the quadrangle. 
With the exception of the central part, which consists of 
two stories and is surmounted by a bell tower, they are 
both built one story, with open roof, the architecture 
harmonizing with that of the other buildings. The 
college now presents on the east an imposing front, 450 
feet in length, unbroken, except by an archway in the 
center. After the completion of these buildings, down 
to the year 1875, the events were of no particular im- 
portance to the continuity of this sketch, but this year 
was made memorable by our second calamity by fire. 

Taylor Hall, the pride of the institution, let it be no- 
ticed, contained the library — carefully selected from 
time to time, and very valuable for its size ; the labora- 
ator}-, with all the chemical and philosophical appara- 
tus; the lecture-rooms of the college proper; the rooms 
of the Warden and Subwarden with their private libra 
ries ; the college clock with its peal of bells, which had 
been put up two years before at a cost of nearly f^2,000, 

" B " CLASS. 

Mathematics — Davies' University Algebra. 

English and Misce/laneous—'Pvactical Bookkeeping. Declamations. 
Hart's Ehetoric. 
Natural Science — Natural Philosophy. 
History — History of France. 

German — Otto''s German Grammar. Conversations. Translations. 
Latin — C;esar (begun). 

" A '"'' CLASS, 

3Iatheinatics — Davies' Legendre. 

Englihh and 3risceUaneous~Fo\vlev'a English Grammar. Theme Writ- 
ing. Declamations. Linear and Free Hand Drawing. 
Natural /Sdeftce — Pynchon's Chemical Physics. Experiments. 
History — History of Rome. 
German, — Conversations. German Ballads. 
Latin — C;esar. 



OF RACINE COLLEGE. 5T 

and the rooms of about fifty students, many of wliicli 
liad been expensively furnished by themselves. At 5 
o'clock on the morning of February 4th, while all the 
inmates were sleeping, the cry was raised by the night 
watchman that Taylor Hall was on fire. The fire had 
broken out in the roof from a defective flue. The morn- 
ing was bitterly cold, the wind blowing a gale, fortu- 
nately not in the direction of any other building. In 
two hours, the whole structure, excepting the walls, 
with nearly all that it contained, apart from the living 
beings, was in ashes. The loss in tbis conflagration, 
over and above the insurance, was about •1^15,000, besides 
private losses, and this was not all; for, though the 
grammar school was undisturbed by the event, and the 
work there went on in its usual course, the collegiate 
department had to be suspended for several weeks, the 
students going to their homes to remain until accommo- 
dations could be provided for them in the other halls 
and in the private houses of the professors, and, when 
all was done that could be done, many facilities previ- 
ously enjoyed were lacking; but, let it be said to the 
great credit of the students that, with but one or two 
exceptions, they all proved themselves loyal in this dis- 
tress, returning at the appointed time and resuming 
their studies in the face of all the disadvantages and 
discomforts. 

A special meeting of the Board of Trustees was held 
on the 24th of February, at which it was resolved to 
proceed to the work of restoration as soon as an adjust- 
ment could be made with the insurance companies, and 
meanwhile circulars were sent out and agents appoint ed 
to solicit aid for supplementing the receipts on the pol- 



58 HISTORICAL SKETCH 

icies, and if possible to enable the Trustees to accom- 
plish more than simply a restoration from the losses. 
Although responses to this call were not as lai'ge or 
numerous as it had been hoped, yet there was much in 
them at which to rejoice. Receipts and promises came 
in sufficient to warrant the trustees to venture upon 
another and mucli needed building for a permanent 
gymnasium and laboratory. The contracts for both 
buildings were let in April, and they were ready for 
occupancy in September of the same year. Taylor 
Hall as restored, has already been described, and is much 
more commodious than it was originally. Room has 
been much economized and the building is warmed 
throughout by steam. 

The new building that constitutes the gymnasium 
and laboratory is located on the southwest corner of the 
quadrangle. It is built with Gothic roof. The dimen- 
sions of the main part are 100 feet by 30 feet, all in one 
room. This is the gymnasium, and is well furnished 
with all the implements for physical exercise usually 
found in such places. The laboratory is a wing on the 
north, about 40 feet by 36 feet, and has during the past 
year, by the diligence of the professor in that depart- 
ment, been vs^ell furnished with new apparatus and fur- 
nace, affording all the ordinary facilities for chemical 
analysis and assaying. Hereafter no student desiring 
to pursue these important branches of science need turn 
away from Racine College to find advantages for pursu- 
ing them successfully. 

I deem it proper to say in this connection that the 
library, though not fully restored to what it Avas before 
the tire, is graduallj' increasing, by the addition of val- 



OF RACINE COLLEGE. 59 

uable books, selected with special reference to the needs 
of the classes. 

SUMMARY OF WORK. 

Both the college proper and the grammar school 
have always embraced two courses each, originally called 
the scientific course and the classical course, now denom- 
inated the school of science and the school of letters. 
Those graduating in the former receive the degree of 
Bachelor of Science, those in the latter the degree of 
Bachelor of Arts. The programme of studies pursued 
in each course in the college proper is given in the note 
below, after the list of the present faculty.* 

* Rev. James DeKoveu. D. D., Warden. 
, Rev. E. B. Spalding, A. M., Subwardeu. 

DEANS AND FACULTIES OF COLLEGL\TE SCHOOLS. 

Rev. James DeKoven, D. D., Dean of the School of Letters. 
Rev. Charles N. Spalding, A. M., Dean of the School of Science. 

FACULTIES. 

Rev. Homer Wheeler, A. M., Professor of Mathematics. 
Rev. Alexander Talk, Ph. D., Professor of Greek and German. 
Rev. R. G. Hinsdale, A. M., Professor of Chemistry and Geology. 
Rev. J. J. Elmendorf, S. T. D., Professor of Philosophy and English Lit- 
erature. 
Rev. John H. Converse, A. M., Professor of Latin. 

Rev. E. B. Spalding, A. M., Professor of History and Political Economy, 
Rev. Charles N. Spalding, A. M., Professor of Astronomy and Physics. 

COURSE OF STUDY IN SCHOOL OP LETTERS. 

FRESHMAN CLASS. 

Sacred Studies — CoWects. New Testament History, Smith. Blunt's Lec- 
tures on the Catechism. 

Ancient Languages — hivy. Horace (Odes). Cicero (De Senectute et De 
Amicitia). Latin Composition. Herodotus. Homer. Greek Prose Compo 
sition. Xenophon's Mem. 

Ma/he?natics and ]Va/iind Sciences — A\gehra {iimi'hcd). Geometry (fin- 
ished). 

Philosoi}hy and Belles -Lett res — 'DQcAvi.m&iion. Composition. History 



60 HISTORICAL SKETCH 

The whole number of graduates down to the com- 
mencement of the last year inclusive have been, Bach- 
elors of Science, 32 ; Bachelors of Art, 90. Thewhole 

and Structure of the English Language, Angus. Ancient History. German 
and French. [The study of German and French is voluntary, and at extra 
charge]. 

SOPHOMORE CLASS. 

Sacred Studies — EUicott-'s Life of Christ. New Testament History, Smith. 
Blunt's Lectures on the Catechism. 

Ancient Langitages — Hoyhcc (Satires, Epistles). Cicero (De Offlciis or 
Tusculan Disputations). Latin Composition. Plato. Lysias. Greek Prose 
Composition. 

Mathematics and Natural Sciences— VXana and Sperical :Trigouometry. 
Mensuration. Analytical Geometry (begun). Natural Philosophy. 

Philosophy and Belles - Lettres — Composition. Declamation. Logic. 
Foimal Khetoric. Forensic Discussions, Whately. History of the Middle 
Ages, and Modern History to the end of the Thirty Years' War. German 
and French. [The study of German and French is voluntary, and at extra 
charge]. 

JUNIOR CLASS. 

Sacred Studies — Palmer's Church History. Greek Testament. 

Ancient Languages — Taciivis.. Plautus. Terence. Latin Composition. 
./Eschylus. Sophocles. Demosthenes (De Corona). 

3Iathematics and Natural (Sdences — Analyitical Geometry (finished). 
Calculus. Chemistry. Guyot's Earth and Man. Geology. 

Philoso})h7/ and Belles-Lettres — Critical Essays. Declamation. History 
of English Literature. Esthetics. Physiology, Porter. Modern History 
(finished). Lectures on Statistics and Political Geography. German and 
French. [The study of German and French is voluntary, and at extra 
charge]. 

SENIOR CLASS. 

Sacr'ed Studies — Lectures on the Prayer Book, and on Christian Doctrine. 
Greek Testament. Ethics. Evidences of Natural and Revealed Religion. 

Ancient Languages — Juvenal. Lucretius. Thucydides. Aristophanes. 

Mathe??iatics and Natural Sei^rec^s —Descriptive Geometry. Astronomy. 
Anatomy, Physiology and Hygiene. Mineralogy. Geology, Lectures. Po- 
litical Economy. 

Philosophij and Belles-Lettres — Philosophical Essays. Original Orations. 
History of Philosophy. Lectures on the History of Civilization. French. 
[The study of German and French is voluntary, and at extra charge]. 

COURSE OF STUDY IN SCnOOL OF SCIENCE. 

FIRST YEAR. 

Sacred Studies — Collects. New Testament History, Smith. Blunt's Lec- 
tures on the Catechism. 



OF KACINE COLLEGE, 61 

number of students that have been under instruction 
for a longer or shorter time, amounts to about 1,400, 
from nearly every state in the Union. 

The spiritual work, which is one of the declared ob- 
jects of the institution, must also receive its notice. 
There have been baptized in the college chapel 108 ; 
confirmed 235 ; and besides the work in this direction, 

Mathematics and mitural Sciences — AXgahra. (flnished). Geometry (fin- 
ished). Chemistry (Elementary). Physics. 

Philosophy and Belles-Lettres — Composition. History and Structure of 
the English Language. History of Home. 

Modern Languages — German. Otto's Grammar. Whitney's Reader; 
Translated from English to German. 

SECOND YEAR. 

Sacred Studies — Ellicotfs Life of Christ. New Testament History, Smith. 
Blunfs Lecture on the Catechism. 

Mathematics and Natural Sciences — Wauq. and Spherical Trigonometry. 
Plane Surveying, Topography, Leveling, Mining. Mensuration. Analytical 
Chemistry (Qualitative). Physics. 

Philosophy a?id Belles-Lettres — Oratory, Composition. Logic. Inductive 
Logic, Mills. Mediaeval and English History. 

Modern Langitages— German. Otto's Grammar. Select Prose and Poe- 
try. Translated from English to German. 

THIRD YEAR. 

Sacred Studies — Palmer's Church History. Greek Testament. 

Mathematics and Natural Sciences — A.n&\yi\ca\ Geometry. Calculus. 
Analytical Chemistry (flnished). Laboratory Practice. Physics. Geology. 

Philosophy and Belles-Leltres — Corn-position. History of Literature. 
Modern History. Esthetics. Psychology. 

Modern Languages — French. German. Conversation. Schiller and 
Goethe. 

FOURTH YEAR.' 

Sacred studies — Lectures on the Prayer Book, and on Christian Doctrine. 
Greek Testament. Ethics. Evidences of Natural and Revealed Religion. 

Mathematics and Nat%i,ral /Sa«/iccs — Descriptive Geometry. Davies' 
Shades and Shadows. Anatomy. Physical Geography. Physics. Botany. 
Assaying and Metallurgy. 

Philosophy and Belles-Lettres — Composition. History of Philosophy. 
Political Economy. 

Modern Languages — French. German Composition and Conversation. 
Lectures on German Literature. 



62 HISTORICAL SKETCH 

connected immediately with the college, there are in the 
suburbs of the city, three flourishing missions, with 
church propert}^ amounting to $10,000, all established 
and carried on by the college clergy. 

My duty is now done except to notice a movement 
of the past year looking to the future, and which it is 
hoped may result in a third stage of the institution, 
which shall have a far more extended record than the 
two which have come under our notice. The move- 
ment alluded to will be best understood by the follow- 
ing circular put forth by its inaugurators, and which 
will serve not only as a matter of current history, Avith 
which to close this sketch, but also as an introduction 
to the future histor}^ of the institution. 



OF RACIKE COLLEGE. 63 



A CHURCH UNIVERSITY 

FOR THE WEST AND NORTHWEST. 



Racike College was founded in the year 1852, and 
has now been in operation for nearl}' twenty-four years. 

In the year 1859, a change was made in its govern- 
ment, making it more distinctly churchly in its disci- 
pline and care, and it has since that time been under 
the charge of its present Warden. Its property consists 
of about ninety acres of valuable land within the limits 
of the city of Racine; a range of beautiful buildings 
between four and five hundred feet in length, in eluding- 
School House, Dining Hall, and two halls for the 
scholars of the Grammar School; Taylor Hall^ a very 
handsome and thoroughly appointed building, contain- 
ing the Warden's and Subvvarden's rooms, and the 
studies and rooms for the College students; a fine Lab- 
oratory and Gymnasium recently built; and a Collegiate 
Church placed in the centre of the Quadrangle. In 
addition to the land and buildings, there is an endow- 
ment of about $30,000, the interest of which is devoted 
by the will of the donor to the keeping of Taylor Hall 
in repair, and to the education of the orphan sons of 
Episcopal Clergymen of the State of Wisconsin. 

There is a debt of $25,000 upon the property, so 
funded that it cannot give trouble to the Institution, 
and the interest is almost, if not entirely, met by the 
profits arising from the land. 

The property, without counting the fund of 130,000, 



64 HISTORICAL SKETCH 

is worth about one hundred and fifty thousand dollars. 
The Charter and the Statutes of the College, which are 
printed with this statement, afford every security for 
the government and perpetuity of the College, under 
the care of the Protestant Episcopal Church. 

The Bishops of Michigan, Indiana, Nebraska, Mis- 
souri, Colorado, Wisconsin, Western Michigan, Illinois 
and Fond du Lac, after full conference and considera- 
tion, have determined to adopt Racine College as the 
Collegiate Institution of their respective Dioceses, with 
the determination, with the help of God, to make it a 
Church University of the West and Northwest. 

For this purpose, they are to be Trustees and Visitors 
of the College, with the powers accorded them in the 
statutes. 

These statutes, it will be noticed, give to the Bishops 
as such — 

1. The presidency of the Board of Trustees, accord- 
ing to seniority. 

2. In the case of a vacancy, the nomination of the 
Warden of the College. 

3. A veto power over the regulations in regard to the 
worship of the Collegiate Church; and, 

4. A visitatorial power, with provision for an annual 
visitation. 

The reasons which have induced the Bishops to enter 
upon this work are of the gravest cliaracter, and must 
commend themselves to every churchman. They feel 
that no institution of a broad and liberal character can 
be established without united effort — that no single di- 
ocese can make it what it ought to be, and that the 
union of many dioceses in such a work is necessary to 



OF RACINE COLLEGE. 65 

secure enlarged interest, freedom from any narrow meth- 
ods, and sufficient numbers and means to establish a 
true university. 

They feel that the time has come for such a work, 
unless the church in the west is prepared to surrender 
its traditional character as the truest and best educator 
of the people. 

They find the most powerful motive for their present 
action, in the circumstances of the times, in the needs of 
the day, in the growing infidelity, and in the entreating 
cries which come from all sides for an education which 
shall neglect no need of human nature, and least of all 
the immortal soul. 

The have chosen Racine College, because it is the 
only church college proper in actual operation between 
Kenyon College, in Ohio, and the Pacific Ocean; and 
because they find in it foundations wisely laid, and onl}' 
needing to be as wisely built upon. The college already 
comprises two schools — a school of letters and a school 
of science — with seven professors, whose whole time 
and labor are given to them. All this is apart from and 
independent of the large and successful preparatory de- 
partment. Grammar schools, similar to which, will 
eventually be established in all the dioceses where they 
do not now exist. They have, however, chiefly been led 
to its selection, by the further consideration that the 
plan proposed by the trustees will permit the bishops to 
build up a university on the most liberal basis, where 
true freedom of thought shall prevail, guided and 
moulded by the conservative influences of the faith of 
the church. 

The Bishops, therefore, in His name Who has com- 
5 



6Q HISTORICAL SKETCH. 

mitted to them the care of the flock of Christ, ask of the 
clergy and laity of their respective dioceses their prayers 
and assistance in the work thus begun. They can aid 
the plan b}' seeking for full information, by endeavor- 
ing to urge young men to embrace the advantages which 
the institution will be enabled to offer them, and by 
such gifts as in time shall make it what we pray it may 
become, a Christian University for this mighty west. 

Signed for the Bishops of Michigan, Indiana, Nebras- 
ka, Missouri, Colorado, Wisconsin, Western Michigan, 
Illinois, and Fond du Lac, by 

E. R. Welles, 

Bishop of Wisconsin. 

Geo. D. Gillespie, 

, Bislwp of Western Michigan. 

W. E. McLarein-, 

Bi&hop of Illinois. 

Committee. 



HISTORICAL SKETCH 



OF 



MILTON COLLEGE. 



THE FIRST BUILDING. 

In the summer ami fall of lS4i, an odd looking struc- 
ture was erected in the village' of Milton for the use of 
an academic school. Its walls were composed of gravel 
and lime, so mixed that they would harden, like mortar, 
in a short time by the action of the atmosphere. The 
size of the building was twenty by thirty feet, and one 
story high ; a small " lean-to " was attached to the rear 
end ; a cupola, with four spires and a bell mounted in 
it, graced the front peak of the gambrel-roof; and a huge 
sign, painted '^ Milton Academy," stretched the whole 
length of the building over the front entrance to the 
school-room. A large outside door opened imraediatel}^ 
into this room. On entering, you saw a rope dangling 
from an auger-hole in the ceiling overhead, and used 
for ringing the sharp-toned bell. The mouldings of 
the doors and windows were very plain, and, together 
with the benches, which nearly filled the room, were 
painted a dark-blue color. The plastering was rough 
and fell, after a while, in spots overhead, and became 



68 HISTOKICAL SKETCH 

mouldy and dingy in places on the walls. At the far- 
ther side was the rostrum, one step high, and occupying 
one-fifth of the area of the room. Tliis building was 
erected near the northwest corner of the " public 
squire," when there were only four dwelling houses in 
the village; and its conspicuous label was visible from 
all points of approach to the village. The cost of con- 
struction was about '^300, which was paid by Hon. Jo- 
seph Goodrich, who planned and erected the edifice — 
the first gravel one in this section. For ten years the 
school was held in this humble place. 

ORIGIN. 

The idea of opening here a school in which might be 
obtained an education more advanced than that afforded 
by the district schools of this vicinity, originated with 
Mr. Goodrich, who erected the first building and se- 
lected, six years before, this spot for the village of Mil- 
ton. Meager instruction in the elementary branches 
was imparted in the very few common schools in this 
section, which were generally held three months in the 
year in small private houses, and had, at that time been 
in operation onlj^ four or five years. There was no col- 
lege in the state. Four feeble academies had been 
started in the southern portion, viz. : Southport Acade- 
my, at Kenosha, now extinct ; Prairie ville Academy, at 
Waukesha, afterwards merged into Carroll College; Be- 
loit Seminary, which has been suspended for several 
years; and Platte ville Academy, in Grant county, re- 
cently changed into a State Normal School. 

The institution was originated Avith no other purpose 
than to accommodate the young people of this immedi- 



OV MILTOK COLLEGE. 69 

ate vicinity. There was no expectation that it woakl 
ever become a first-class academy or a college. The few 
inhabitants of the place, and the sparsely settled condi- 
tion of the prairies and oak openings about us, gave no 
prophecy of the present growth of the country, nor of 
the high position to which the school has attained. In 
fact, the enterprise was deemed visionary and preten- 
tious by many of the people, who did not furnish much 
pecuniary aid in the beginning, and yet patronized the 
school generously by furnishing students for its classes. 

The nature of the locality and the character of the 
inhabitants have materially aided the enterprise. Tlie 
intermixture of small prairies and woodlands with rich 
alluvial soils, attracted, in an early day, the notice of 
the pioneers of the east, and led to the closely compact 
settlement of the country. The position on a broad, 
rolling upland, one of the highest elevations between 
Lake Michigan and the Mississippi river, and one hun- 
dred and thirty feet above the beautiful Rock river, 
which flows around in nearly a half circle at the dis- 
tance of six to eight miles, is one of exceeding health- 
fulness. The scenery is surpassingly delightful. 

The present inhabitants migrated principally from 
New England and New York. A few fimiilies came 
from Scotland and Pennsylvania. All were acquainted 
with the workings of public schools, and some with the 
advantages of an academy. The ideas of education, 
first formed by an experience under the school system 
of Massachusetts, and remoulded afterwards in the 
midst of the thrift and greatness of the Empire State,, 
guided those who built up and patronized the school. 
One of the first teachers in the institution says: "No 



70 HISTORICAL SKETCH 

where else have I ever witnessed the exhibition of more 
zeal and public spirit in the behalf of education.'' 

It was expected that a few of the youngs people of 
this section might here fit themselves to enter some col- 
lege, either in the West or in the East; but the instruc- 
tion to be given in the school was designed almost 
exclusively for two purposes, viz.: to aid young men in 
qualifying themselves for the ordinar}^ business pur- 
suits, and both young men and young women to pre- 
pare themselves for teaching in the public schools. 
From the beginning, every advantage which was to be 
offered to 3'oung men in the acadeni}^ was also to be of- 
fered to young ladies. They both were to recite in the 
same classes. A school of this kind, it was thought, 
would tend to induce families coming into this new 
country to settle in the vicinity of the place. Many 
persons vrere moving at the time into this region, and 
a well-regulated and enterprising academy would com- 
pensate them in part for the educational facilities which 
they left liehind them in the East. 

AS A SELECT SCHOOL. 

Near the beginning of December, 1844, a select 
school was opened in the gravel academy, under the 
charge of Rev. Bethuel C. Church, who came here from 
Michigan, on an invitation to teach. He had previ- 
ously conducted such private schools in a successful 
manner in the state of New York. The use of the 
building was furnished him without charge, and he had 
all the income from the tuition. He taught only two 
terms — the winter and the spring — and had over sixty 
students in attendance. It was thus shown that a 



OF MILTON COLLEGE. 71 

scliool of this grade was needed, and a seiifcinient iu fa- 
vor of sustaining it was created. 

The next teacher of any strength was Rev. S. S. 
Bicknell, a Congregational clergyman. He was a grad- 
uate of Dartmouth College, a thorough scholar, a cour- 
teous gentleman, patient in his labors, and an accom- 
plished teacher. He was engaged in the academy for 
two and a half years, drew in students from other lo- 
calities, and formed the basis of the real academic course 
of studies. About seventy students were in attendance 
each year. 

At the close of the spring term, 1847, Mr. Bicknell 
issued a catalogue. From it we learn that the tuiti:)n 
was uniform, and only -^3.00 per term; and that board 
in private families was from §1.00 to §1.50 per week. 
The school year was divided into three terms, of eleven 
weeks each. During that 3'ear, forty of the students 
were gentlemen and twenty-seven were ladies. About 
three-fourths of these studied the higher English 
branches; and eleven, the languages. Some rude appa- 
ratus was employed in giving instruction in the natural 
sciences. A weekly debating society was formed, and 
several of the citizens of the place became active mem- 
bers of it. The income of the school would not sup- 
port an additional teacher, and so Mr. Bicknell per- 
formed the whole labors in charge of the students, and 
in teaching the classes. Most of his pupils belonged to 
families residing in the immediate neighborhood ; and 
they were, as he states, " studious, exemplary in their 
habits, seemed to appreciate rightly the advantages of 
an education, and used most diligently the means neces- 
sary to acquire it." 



72 HISTORICAL SKETCH 

After he retired from the academy, he was occupied 
for several years in preaching for Congregational 
churches in this section of the state. He is still living 
at an advanced age, and enjoys the confidence and high 
esteem of very many friends. 

DU LAC ACADEMY. 

In the winter of 1847-^8, the citizens of the place 
combined together to secure a charter for the school, 
and to place it under the control of a board of trustees. 
Up to this time, it had been solely under the manage- 
ment of Hon. Joseph Goodrich, who had sustained all 
the losses for the teacher's salary and the incidental 
expenses. The advantages which the school had con- 
ferred upon the community were marked and satisfac- 
tory. It was settled that a school with academic priv- 
ileges could be maintained here. The people had been 
partially educated to foster such an institution, and to 
look forward to its assuming a higher and more perma- 
nent position. Accordingly, an act of incorporation 
was obtained from the Wisconsin territory, Feb. 28, 
1848, granting to seven trustees the exclusive control of 
the school, Avhich was entitled " The Du Lac Academy," 
a name that was never popular, nor used bej^ond the 
charter and the correspondence of the officers of the 
school. The shares of stock were five dollars each. 
Instruction should not be given, nor any meetings 
of the corporation held, on either the seventh-day or 
the first-day of the week. The trustees were as 
follows: President, Abram Allen; Secretar}', Hon. A. 
P. Blakesley; Nathan G. Storrs, Alfred Walker, Clark 
G. Stillman, and John Stillman. They met individu- 
ally the deficits of the school for teacher's wages. 



OF MILTON COLLEGE. i6 

The building was engaged by the trustees of the 
academy, on the condition that no rent shonld be paid 
for its use, if a college graduate should be hired as prin- 
cipal. In the fall after the charter was obtained, a Mr. 
Prindle, a graduate of some eastern college, and for- 
merly from Vermont, was secured as teacher. He 
closed his connection with the school at the end of the 
first term. The winter succeeding. Prof. Jonathan 
Allen, now President of Alfred University, N. Y., had 
charge of the academy ; but he remained only one term. 
He was assisted b}' Rev. Amos W. Coon, who became 
the principal the spring following, in 1849. Daring 
this winter term, anew life was infused into the institu- 
tion, new methods of instruction were introduced, and 
a larger number of students than usual were in attend- 
ance. Prof Coon labored in the school for two years, 
and was aided over a year by Prof P. P. Livermore. 
from Alfred University; and in the winter of 1850-51, 
by W. C. Whitford, then a member of the senior class 
of Union College, N. Y. Prof Coon had prepared 
himself for his work at Alfred University. He was 
an energetic, pains-taking, and enthasiastic instructor; 
raised the standing of the school to a higher grade 
than it had reached before; and induced young people 
from localities twenty and thirty miles distant to join 
the classes. The attendance was raised to over a hun- 
dred a year. 

As an example of the public work which the students 
occasionally performed at this time, we will refer to the 
closing exercises of the academy, July 4, 1849. The}' 
were entitled the "Annual Celebration of the Du Lac 
Academy;" and occupied the day, with an intermission 



74 HISTOKTCAL SKETCH 

of an hour and a lialf for dinner, from 9 o'clock in the 
morning till 4 o'clock in the afternoon. They con- 
sisted in singing several appropriate pieces of music, 
reading thirty rsix original essay's, and delivering three 
orations — the Salutatory, the Latin, and the Valedic- 
tory. Mr. L. P. Gilbert, a teacher afterwards in the 
academy, presented the Salutatory and the Latin ora- 
tions; and Hon. L. B. Caswell chose for his subject, 
"American Independence." 

A visitor at the academy during a winter term, at 
this time, found over seventy students in attendance, 
two-thirds of whom were gentlemen, the other third 
ladies. He would at once be impressed with the ap- 
pearance of these students for intelligence, strength, and 
hardiness. They demanded, he would say, that the in- 
struction should be practical and full of energy. Some 
of the scholars studied in the room where recitations 
were conducted at the same time; while others were at 
their rooms in private houses in the village. The classes 
recited usually by the topical method, and showed care- 
ful preparation and independence of thought. A few 
pursued studies in Latin, Algebra, and Natural Philoso- 
phy; but the larger portion studied the common Eng- 
lish branches. 

Prof. Coon retired from the academy at the close of 
the winter term, 1851; and Col. George R. Clarke, now 
of Chicago, formerlj' a student in Beloit College, taught 
the school the following spring term. 

From the opening of the fall term, 1851, Prof A. C. 
Spicer had the supervision of the academy most of the 
time for seven 3Tars. He was a graduate of the aca- 
demic department of Alfred L'niversity, had attended 



OF MILTON COLLEGE. iO 

Union College one year, and tauglit some time in De 
Rnyter Institute, N. Y. He was assisted by his wife, 
Mrs. Susanna M. Spicer, who graduated at the Troy 
Female Seminary, N. Y., and was a most accomplished 
teacher. Their compensation was derived entirely from 
the tuition fees. They both brought to their work 
great devotion in teaching, as well as adviwiced ideas of 
education. For the first three years of their charge, 
the success of the school was varying. The academic 
building became unteiuible, and the classes met a por- 
tion of the last two years in a private house. Yet the 
attendance on the whole gradually increased. For the 
want of suitable accommodations, the school was sus- 
pended two-thirds of the year, in 1853. It became evi- 
dent that better facilities by the way of buildings, appa- 
ratus, and cabinets must be furnished, or the enterprise 
must be abandoned. A larger faculty must also be 
secured, and regular courses of study be adopted. A 
greater number of the people in this section must be 
enlisted in the support of the academy, and money con- 
tributed to place it in a better working condition. 
With this result, the history of the school as the Dn 
Lac Academy ended. 

THE MILTON ACADEMY. 

The awakening of a new interest in the school led to 
the formation of a larger association of the citizens; 
and a new charter was obtained from the legislature, 
March 31, 1854, naming the institution, "The Milton 
Academy." Another Board of seven Trustees was con- 
stituted, with L. G. Maxson, M. D., as the chairman; 
Prof. A. C. Spicer as the secretary; Hon. Jeremiah 



76 HISTOKICAL SKETCH 

Davis, R. F. Fraser, Peter McEwaii, John Alexander, 
and C. H. Greenman, as the other trustees. In the .year 
following, some changes were made in the board. Hon. 
Joseph Goodrich w^s elected chairman ; and Moses T. 
Walker, Joseph Spaulding and J. C. Culver were substi- 
tuted for other members. Mr. Goodrich acted as the 
presiding officer until 1860, when he resigned; and H. 
G. Greenman, Esq., was chosen to fill his place. Prof. 
Spicer served as secretary until 1858, when B. F. Col- 
lins, M. D., was elected to succeed him. On the death 
of the latter, in 1864, A. W. Baldwin, Esq., was selected 
as secretary; and he has occupied this position in the 
board in the most efficient manner all the time since. 
In 1862, Levi H. Bond was elected the chairman, and 
remained in the office until the organization of the col- 
lege, in 1867. While the school was acting under this 
academic charter, Hon. Jeremiah Davis and C. H. Green- 
man were the faithful treasurers of the board. 

The school was reorganized in the spring of 1854, 
under the former teachers, and was kept in private resi- 
dences until the fall of 1855. In the mean time, a 
beautiful and commodious building, made of Milwaukee 
pressed brick, was erected on a bluff in the southwestern 
part of the village. It Avas forty by forty-four feet in 
size, three stories high, and contained, besides a chapel, 
four recitation rooms and a boarding hall. Its cost was 
something over 14,000, which was paid mainly by the 
subscriptions of the stockholders of the academy. In 
these stockholders were vested the property and the 
government of the institution. 

In the fall of 1854, Prof. Albert Whitford was added 
to the faculty, and he took the charge of the depart- 



OF MILTON COLLEGE. 77 

meiit of Ancient Languages. He has since been con 
nected with the school all the time, except for about two 
years, when he was principal of De Rnyter Institute, 
and also for three years, when he was professor of 
mathematics in Alfred University. He is a graduate of 
Union College, has filled the office of county superin- 
tendent of schools, and is now the teacher of pure 
mathematics in the college. During the year 1856, 
Prof. M. Montague instructed the classes in Ancient 
Languages. He had large experience in this work, 
and proved to be a thorough teacher. At this time the 
department of music, principally instrumental, was cre- 
ated in the school, and a proficient lady instructor was 
placed in charge of it. The attendance of the students 
reached, this year, two hundred and twelve. Two 
courses of study were adoi)ted, each embracing four 
years — the Teachers' Course and the Classical Course. 
At the close of this academic year, three students, Susan 
E. Burdick, Chloe C. Whitford, and Ruth A. Graham, 
graduated in the Teachers' Course. These were the 
first graduates of the institution. 

In the summer and fall of 1857, the need of another 
building for dormitory purposes being greatly felt, the 
trustees authorized Hon. Joseph Goodrich and Hon. 
Jeremiah Davis, at that time two of the most wealthy 
and enterprising citizens of the place, to erect one with 
suitable accommodations for about fifty students. It 
was located on the grounds of the institution, was con- 
structed of cream colored brick, and cost nearly $5,000. 
It is now called the "Goodrich Hall," and is occupied 
by lady students. These men thus employed to erect 
the building contributed a very large portion of the 
means used in meeting the cost. 



78 HISTORICAL SKETCH 

At the close of the spring term, 1858, Prof. Spicer 
and his wife resigned their positions in the academy. 
Under their administration, two suhstantial buildings 
had been erected, the attendance of the students doubled, 
and a more complete arrangement of the classes secured. 
The tuition had been $4.00 and -^5.00 for the English 
studies; and $6.00 and '^7.00 for the Ancient and Modern 
Languages, the Higher Mathematical and Natural Sci- 
ences. Board had been 11.50 to ^2.00 per week in private 
families; and suitable conveniences had been furnished 
the students who boarded themselves. Literary societies 
among both the young men and the young ladies had 
been formed. Prof. Spicer had also filled honorable 
positions among the educators in the state. 

A CHANGE IN THE MANAGEMENT. 

After several efforts were made to obtain a successor 
to Prof Spicer, as the principal of the institution, the 
trustees prevailed upon Rev. W. C. Whitford, A. M., 
then the pastor of the Seventh-day Baptist Church of 
Milton, to assume the charge during the following fall 
term. Afterwards, he consented to remain in the same 
position the balance of the year. Finally, he resigned 
the pastoral charge of the church and became per- 
manently connected with the school as the principal. 
He had fitted himself for college at De Ruyter Insti- 
tute; graduated at Union College in 1853; and com- 
pleted the full course of studies at Union Theological 
Seminary, New York City. 

At the time, scarcely any other place could have been 
more uninviting. Heavy debts for the erection of the 
buildings had been contracted; the community was 



OF MILTON COLLEGE. 79 

sharply divided on questions whicli were connected with 
the management of the academy; a rival institution 
had been opened in the place; and several academies 
within twenty-five miles of Milton had sprung into ex- 
istence. 

The principal had associated with him, during his 
first year, Prof. Albert Whitford, A. M.; the wife of the 
latter, Mrs. Chloe C. Whitford, who became the pre- 
ceptress; Mr. S. S. Rockwood, an advanced student; 
Mrs. Flora H. Rockwood, a graduate of Fort Edward 
Seminary, N. Y.; and Mr. Wiot H. Clarke, a music 
teacher. In the following year, there was added to the 
faculty Prof. (x. M. Guernsey, A. M., a graduate of Am- 
herst College, and afterwards the principal of Platteville 
Academy, in this state. Mrs. Ida F. Kenyon, from 
Alfred University, became teacher of vocal and instru- 
mental music and the German Language. In the year 
1861, Mrs. Ruth H. Whitford, who had labored success- 
fully in academic schools in New Jersey, entered upon 
the duties of preceptress, and filled the position for 
three years. In the same year, Prof. N. C. Twining, A. 
M., a graduate of the institution, was called to the de- 
partment of nuathematics which he held for seven years. 
He has since been engaged at the head of several excel- 
lent high schools in the state. Prof. Edward Searing, 
A. M., a graduate of the University of Michigan, began 
his work as instructor of the Latin and French Lan- 
guages, at the opening of the academic year in 1863. 
He remained in this professorship until 1873, when he 
was elected the Superintendent of Public Instruction 
of Wisconsin. While here, he published his popular 
work on the first six books of Virgirs iEneid, and pre- 



80 HISTOEICAL SKETCH 

pared a portion of liis forthcoiiiiiig text-book on Ho- 
mer's Iliad. The students made excellent progress 
under his vigorous and thorough instruction. Mrs. 
Eliza Johnson, who graduated at both this institution 
and the Cazenovia Seminary, N. Y., was preceptress for 
the year ending July 4, 1865. She was succeeded by 
Mrs. A. Miranda Isham, from Alfred University, who 
remained in the position until the close of the year 
1869. Mrs. Alicia F. Adams was music teacher from 
1861:, until the close of the summer term of 1867; and 
Miss Mary F. Bailey, A. M., a graduate of Alfred Uni- 
versity, teacher of the German Language, from 1865 to 
1873. 

Besides the members of the fticulty mentioned before, 
there were engaged between 1858 and 1867, for brief 
periods, the following teachers : Prof. 0. M. Conover, 
Eev. A. H. Lewis, S. S. Wallihan, M. D., Rev. 0. U. 
Whitford, Ptev. L. A. Platts, Miss Emily C. Wyman, 
and Miss Frances T. Pillsbury. 

In the Avinter and spring of 1863, a wooden building, 
three stories high, with twentj^-two rooms, was erected 
near the grounds of the institution, and at the cost of 
$2,000. It was used for domitory purposes, and is occu- 
pied by gentlemen students. An addition to the main 
hall was begun in 1866, and finished the following year. 
This, with the tower in front, and the repairs in the 
old recitation room and the chapel, cost nearly 1^8,000 ; 
and it doubled the accommodations of the hall for the 
classes. 

REVIEW OF THE ACADEMIC WORK. 

The institution closed its operations under the charter- 



OF MILTON COLLEGE. 81 

as an academy, July 2, 1867, in consequence of its in- 
corporation as a college. A review of its history for the 
last thirteen years, under the title of the Milton Acad- 
emy, will furnish the reasons why its friends sought and 
obtained the college charter. Beginning with the at- 
tendance of about one hundred students per year, the 
school registered, in 1866, four hundred and twenty-one 
pupils. Seventy-three students — thirty-nine gentle- 
men and thirty-four ladies — had graduated in all the 
courses of the academy. The opposition academy organ- 
ized in the place had perished soon after its opening. 
All classes of people were united in maintaining the 
school at a high standard. While the institution had 
been sustained mainly by the means and labors of the 
Seveiith-day Baptists, yet it was very largely patronized 
by the young people from the other religious denomina- 
tions in this section. Over 15,000 of the indebtedness 
had been canceled. In all these thirteen years not the 
debt of a single dollar for teachers' salaries had been 
contracted, nor an obligation against the institution, in 
any form, had been added to the indebtedness. The 
philosophical and chemical apparatus had been enlarged, 
and some valuable collections had been made for the 
botanical and geological cabinets. The basement of the 
main hall had been refitted for boarding accommoda- 
tions, and the grounds ornamented with shade trees. 
Several thousand dollars in subscriptions had been re- 
ceived for the enlargement of this hall, and about five 
thousand dollars for an endowment fund. 

Three courses of study had, most of the time, been sus- 
tained, namely : the Normal and English, the Scientific, 
and the Classical, each extending over a period of four 
6 



82 HISTORICAL SKETCH 

years. In the Normal Department, a large part of the 
work of the institution was performed. It was organ- 
ized under the regulations of the Normal Regents of the 
State from 1858 to 1865, and received some aid each 
year from the normal school fund. During the last 
eight years, nearly one hundred teachers were annually 
prepared for the public and private schools. The report 
of the state superintendent, for 1866, states that one 
hundred and fifty-nine students were in the normal 
classes of the academy, and that eighty-one of this num- 
ber taught during that j-ear. The Wisconsin Journal 
of Education, for 1864, said that " no academy in the 
state furnishes so many teachers for the surrounding 
schools as this." The members of this department were 
trained for their profession, not onl}^ by daily recitations 
in the studies of the prescribed course, but by lectures 
and discussions on the different principles and methods 
of education. The students who were pursuing the sci- 
entific and the classical courses had an opportunity to 
fit themselves for the junior classes in our colleges. In 
these the modern and the ancient languages were most 
carefully taught. Marked attention was given to the nat- 
ural sciences and the higher mathematical studies. The 
more advanced students — both gentlemen and ladies — 
often expressed the wish that the institution would add 
to its curriculum the studies of the last two years of the 
college courses. Eightj'-five students were found, at 
the close of the academic year for 1867, ready to form 
the freshman and sophomore classes, under the organiza- 
tion of the college. 

OUR PATRIOTIC RECORD. 

Before dismissing the review of our academic career^ 



OF MILTON COLLEGE. 83 

we desire to notice the part which the institution took 
in the civil war. It freel}^ sacrificed money to the 
amount of hundreds of dollars, and worked efficiently 
to secure enlistments in the army. Its students were 
mustered into the service at every call for volunteers. 
Twenty young men left their work on the first news that 
the civil conflict had begun. Scores of students drilled 
in the manual of arms, under an efficient master, in the 
chapel, and on the grounds of the academy. Ambitious 
and patriotic young men were aided in many ways, so 
that they could secure positions in the army. Of the 
graduates and the students, three hundred and eleven 
volunteered in the service, and fort //-three fell by the 
bullet or by disease. The school raised, officered, and 
sent into the army two companies, and parts of three 
other companies, belonging to the Wisconsin regiments. 
Sixty-nine of these students received commissions to 
fill positions from second lieutenant to brigadier gen- 
eral. The catalogue of the academy, for 1866, contains 
an " Army List," in which are given the names of the 
students who entered the service, the regiments to which 
they belonged, and the position of each on being mus- 
tered out of the army. 

THE MILTON COLLEGE. 

It was no hasty or ill-advised movement on the part 
of the friends of the school, in obtaining a college char- 
ter with university privileges. The responsibility and 
toil in building up such an institution were carefully 
considered, and the risks to be encountered were thor- 
oughly canvassed. The act of incorporating the college 
passed the legislature of the state, in February, 1867; 



84 HISTORICAL SKETCH 

and was formally accepted by the stockholders of the 
institution, March 13, following. It granted the privi- 
leges of " affording instruction in lite^Mture, the sciences, 
and the arts, in the theory and practice of the element- 
ar}' branches of study, and in any or all the liberal pro- 
fessions, in such manner, and at such times as the board 
of trustees may deem practicable and desirable ;" and of 
" conferring on those whom they may deem worthy, all 
such honors and degrees as are usually conferred in like 
institutions." At all meetings of the corporation, each 
stockholder should be entitled to one vote for each share 
of stock owned by him. The stock of the institution 
was divided, as it had been for thirteen years, into shares 
of twenty-five dollars each; and it should be regarded 
as personal property. The possession and government 
of the college were vested in the original stockholders, 
who were authorized to elect a board of trustees, to con- 
sist of not less than fifteen nor more than twenty-seven 
members. Nine of this board formed a quorum for the 
transaction of business. One-third of their number, 
after the first election, were to be chosen each year, and 
to hold their office three years. The officers of the 
))oard consisted of a president, vice president, secretary'', 
treasurer, and financial agent. No religious test or qual- 
ification should be required of any trustee, officer, pro- 
fessor, teacher, or student of the institution. 

A board of twenty-seven trustees were elected, March 
13, 1867. At a meeting of this board, on the 27th of 
the same month. Rev. W. C. Whitford, A. M., was 
chosen the President of the board; Rev-. D. E. Maxson, 
D. D., Irlie Vice-President; A. W. Baldwin, Esq., the 
Secretary; and C. H, Greenman, the Treasurer. Sub- 
sequently, the following faculty were elected: 



OF MILTOK COLLEGE. 85 

Bev. William V. Whitforcl, A. M., President, and Professor of the Natural. 
Mental, and Moral Sciences. 

Edward Searing, A. M., Professor of Latin and French Languages. 

Albert Whitford, A. M., Professor of Greek Language and Mixed Mathe- 
matics. 

Nathan 0. Twining, A. B., Professor of Pure Mathematics and Commercial 
Instrnction. 

Miss A. Miranda Fenner, Preceptress, and Teacher of English Language and 
Literature. 

Miss Mary F. Baile}', Teacher of German Language. 

Mrs. Emma J. Utter, Teacher of Instrumental and Vocal Music. 

Forrest M. Babcock, Teacher of Penmanship. 

Mrs. Kuth 11. Whitford, Teacher of Painting and Penciling. 

It was resolved to unite both the Academic and the 
Collegiate courses of study, an arrangement which the 
institution has since pursued in common with most of 
the colleges in the West. In the Academic department, 
the following three courses were adopted: 

STUDIES OF THE TEACHERS' COURSE. 

FIRST YEAR. 

Fall Term. — Mental Arithmetic. Intermediate Geography. Reading and 
Spelling. 

Winter Term. —Wviiien Arithmetic — begun. Common School Geogra- 
phy—begun. English Grammar — begun. Reading and Oral Sonnds. 
Penmanship. 

SjJrlng r<?r/«. —Written Arithmetic — continued. English Grammar — 
continued. Common School Geography — completed. Reading and Pen- 
manship. 

SECOND YEAR. 

Fall Tertn.— Written Arithmetic — completed. English Grammar— com- 
pleted. United State.s History. Theory and Practice of Teaching. 

Winter Tgrm.— University Algebra — begun. Anatomy and Physiology. 
Analysis of English Words. Vocal Music. 

SjJring Term. — University Algebra— continiied. English Composition — 
begun. Physical Geography. Elocution. 

THIRD Y'EAR. 

i?'a// rcrwi. —University Algebra — completed. English Composition- 
completed. Natural Philosophy. Graded Schools. 

Winter Term.— Gaomatvy — sawGTi books. English Language. Natural 
History. Edncational History. Penciling. 

Spring T^?-/?!. —Geometry — completed, and Trigonometry. Mental Phi- 
losophy — Intellect. Botany. Civil Government. 



86 HISTORICAL SKETCH 



STUDIES OF THE ENGLISH AND BUSINESS COURSE. 

FIRST TEAR. 

Fall rgrw. — Written Arithmetic — to Percentage. English Grammar — 
continued. Common School Geography — begun. Mental Arithmetic — re- 
Tiew. Reading and Spelling. 

Winter Term. — Written Arithmetic — completed. English Grammar — 
completed. Common School Geography — completed. Elocution and Pen- 
manship. 

Sijrinrj Term. — University Algebra — begun. Analysis of English Words. 
Book-keeping— single entry. Practical Penmanship. Penciling. 

SECOND YEAR. 

Fall Term. — University Algebra — continued. Book-keeping — double 
entry. English Composition — begun. Commercial Arithmetic. 

Winter Terw. — University Algebra — completed. Geometry — seven 
books. English Composition — completed. Commercial Forms and Corres- 
pondence. 

Sj)riii{/ Term. — Geometry — completed, and Trigonometry. Commercial 
Law. Civil Government. 

STUDIES OF THE CLASSICAL COURSE. 

PREPARATORY. 

FIRST TEAR. 

Fall Term. — English Grammar — completed. Written Arithmetic — com- 
pleted. Introduction to Latin. Elocution and Oral Sounds. 

Winter Term. — Latin Reader. United States History. Common School 
Geography — reviewed. Exercises in Composition and Declamation. 

Siinng Term. — Ctesar's Commentaries — begun. First Greek Book — be- 
gun. Roman History — begun. Ancient Geography. 

SBCOND TEAR. 

Fall ?Vr?rt. — Civsar's Commentaries — three books, completed. First 
Greek Book — completed. Roman History — continued. Latin Prose Com- 
position — begun. 

Winter Te/'wi. — Cicero's Oration against Catiline. Anabasis — begun. 
University Algebra— begun. Latin Prose Composition —continued. Ro- 
man History — completed. 

Spring Term.—WvgiVs JSueid — two books. Anabasis — three books, 
completed. University Algebra — continued. Latin Prose Composition — 
continued. Greek Prose Composition — begun. History of Greece — begun. 

In the Collegiate department, the following two 
courses were selected: 



OF MILTON COLLEGE. 87 



STUDIES OF THE CLASSICAL COURSE. 

FRESHMAN TEAR. 

Fall Term. — Virgirs ^neid — sis 1)00118, completed. Homer's Iliad — 
two books. University Algebra — completed. History of Greece — contin- 
ued. Greek Prose Composition — continued. 

Winter Term. — 'L\\j. Homer's Iliad— third, fourth, and sixth booka. 
Geometry — five books. Latin Prose Composition — completed. History of 
Greece — completed. 

Spring T'fi?-?/*. — Horace — Odes. Memorabilia. Geometry — completed. 

SOPHOMORE TEAR. 

Fall Term. — Horace — Satires and Epistles. Trigonometry — Plane and 
Spherical. Natural Philosophy. 

Winter 'Term. — Greek Tragedy. Analytical Geometry. Anatomy and 
Physiology. 

Spring T«/'»i. — Cicero de Offlciis. Thucydides — selections. Calculus. 
Natural History. 

JUNIOR TEAR. 

Fall r^rw.— Demosthenes de Corona. Mechanical Philosophy. English 
Composition. 

Winter rc?7?i. — Germania and Agricola. Mathematical Astronomy. 
Chemistry — Inorganic and Organic. 

Spring Ter/n. — Mental Philosophy — Intellect. Mechanical Philosophy. 
Botany. Exercises in Elocution. 

SENIOR TEAR. 

Fall Term. — Logic. Mental Philosophy — Sensibility and Will. English 
Literature — begun. History of the Middle Ages. 

Winter Ter/n. — Rhetoric. Moral Philosophy. English Literature — com- 
pleted. Mineralogy. History of Modern Times. 

Spring Term. — Political Economy. Geology. History of Philosophy. 
Evidences of Christianity. 

STUDIES OF THE SCIENTIFIC COURSE. 

ERESHMAN TEAR. 

Fall Term. — University Algebra— completed. French Grammar — be- 
gun. English Language — begun. 

Winter Term. — Geometry, live books. ; French Grammar — continued. 
English Language — completed. 

Spring re/'wi. —Geometry — completed. French Grammar — completed, 
and Reader. Analysis of English Words. 

SOPHOMORE TEAR. 

Fall Term. — Trigonometry— Plane and Spherical. French — Telemaque. 
Natural Philosophy., 



S8 HISTOEICAL SKETCH 

Winter TcfOT. — Analytical Geometry. French — Racine. German Gram- 
mar— begun. Descriptive Astronomy. 

Sjn-ingi Tenn.~Ci\]c\\]ns. German Grammar — continued. Natural His- 
tory. Anatomy and Physiology. 

JUNIOR TEAR. 

Fall re^YW. — Mechanical Philosophy. German Grammar — completed, 
and Reader. English Composition. 

Win/er Ts/w. — Mathematical Astronomy. German — William Tell. 
Chemistry— Inorganic and Organic. 

Sj)niig Ter?7i. — 'Mental Philosophy— Intellect. Mechanical Philosophy. 
Botany. Exercises in Elocution. 

SEXIOR YEAR. 

Fall Term. — Logic. Mental Philosophy — Sensibility and Will. English 
Literature — begun. History of the Middle Ages. 

Winter Ter?n. — Rhetoric. Moral Philosophy. English Literature — com- 
pleted. Mineralogy. History of Modern Times. 

Spring Ter7n. — Po\mcn.\ Economy. Geology. History of Philosophy. 
Evidences of Christianity. 

ADDITIONS TO THE FACULTY. 

Major S. S. Rockwood, A. M., was added to the fac- 
lilt}-, in 1868, as the professor of pure mathematics. He 
held the position until 1871, when he entered the 
Whitewater Normal School, where he now fills the same 
professorship. In the same year, Miss Jane C. Bond, L. 
A., was elected teacher in the English department; and 
she has since occupied the place in a most acceptable 
manner. Miss Ida Springstubbe, a graduate of a Ger- 
man Normal School, was also chosen a teacher of the 
German and French languages, and she remained in the 
college nearl}^ two years. Prof. J. D. Bond, M. S., was 
teacher in the commercial department for four years ; 
and he is now the superintendent of the classes in pen- 
manship in the public school of St. Paul, Minn, Prof. 
J. M. Stillman has given excellent instruction in vocal 
music and voice culture for two years ; and Miss R. 
Mintie Howard, in instrumental music, for four yeai-s. 



OF MILTON COLLEGE. 89 

Prof. T. W. Saunders, A. B., was elected, in 1873, to 
tlie professorship of the German and Greek languages, 
and he is still working most efficiently in the college. 
Prof. Lucius Heritage, A. B., was an assistant teacher of 
the Latin classes for three years, and he now holds a 
position in the Milwaukee Academy. Mrs. Chloe C. 
Whitford, A. M., has taught in the department of 
mathematics for over two years, a place which she for- 
merl}^ occupied. For some time. Prof. W. C. King has 
had charge of the commercial studies. 

TUITION. 

The tuition has, for several years, been rated per term, 
as follows : 

Tuition is $8.00 in Arithmetic, English Grammar, 
Geography, Reading, Penmanship, United States His- 
tory. 

Tuition is |9.00 in University Algebra, Etymology, 
English .Composition, Book-keeping, Physical Geogra- 
phy, Theory and Practice of Teaching, Physiology, 
Latin Grammar and Reader, and Caesar, Greek, German, 
and French Grammars and Readers. 

Tuition is $10.00 in Geometry, Trigonometry, De- 
scriptive Astronomy, Civil Government, Natural Phi- 
losophy, Botany, Natural History, English Language, 
Ancient History, and the higher studies in Latin, Greek, 
German, and French Languages. 

Tuition is $11.00 in Analytical Geometry, Calculus, 
Mechanical Philosophy, Mathematical Astronomy, Sur- 
veying, Chemistry, Geology, English Literature, Rheto- 
ric, Logic, Mental and Moral Philosophy, Political 
Economy, History of Philosophy, and Evidences of 
Christianity. 



90 



HISTOBICAL SKETCH 



No charge is made for incidental expenses. Tuition 
is rated according to the highest grade in which any study 
pursued by the student is found. Extra charges are 
made for Instrumental Music, 112.00 per term; for the 
use of the Piano, 13.00; for Voice Culture, $15.00; Pen- 
ciling, 13.00 ; Oil Painting, $10.00 ; and Telegraphy 
$15.00. 

PKESENT BOARD OF TRUSTEES. 



Rev. W. C. Whitpord, A. M., 
Rev. James Bailey, 
A. W. Baldwin, Esq., 
Robert Williams, 



Office expires in 1876. ] 
Hon. Jeremiah Davis, ... 

Prof. Albert Whitlord, A. M., - 
Rev. N. Wardner, A. M., ... 
Silas Bailey, M. D., ... 

L. n. Bond, 

David W. Cartwright, 
W. G. Hamilton, .... 

Rev. L. E. Livermore, A. M., - - 

John W. Loofboro, .... 

Office expires in 1877. 
A. W. Baldwin, Esq., 
R. J. Greenman, Esq., ... 
W. L. T. Crandall, .... 
Gran Vincent, .... 

John Alexander,, .... 

Willis P. Clarke, Esq., 
Truman Saunders, .... 
Rev. O. U. Whitford, A. M., 
Rev. W. C. Whitford, A. M., 

Office expires in 1878. 
Ezra Crandall, .... 

Rev. James Bailey, ... 

C. H. Greenman, .... 

J. C. Plumb, .... 

Paul M. Green, .... 

O. Allen, M. D., - 

Robert Williams, .... 

Ezekiel B. Rogers, ... 

Lester T. Rogers, .... 



President. 
Vice President. 
Secretary. 
Treasurer. 

Davis Junction, III. 

Milton. 

Glasgow, Scotland. 

Toledo, Ohio. 

Milton Junction. 

Milton. 

Milton. 

Walworth. 

Wei ton, Iowa. 

Janesville. 

Milton Junction. 

Milton Junction. 

Milton. 

Milton. 

Milton. 

West Hallock, 111. 

Farina, 111. 

Milton. 

Milton. 
Milton. 
Milton. 
Milton. 
Milton. 
Milton. 
Milton. 
Milton. 
Milton Junction. 



OF MILTON COLLEGE. 



91 



SUBSCRIBEKS TO THE CAPITAL STOCK. 



The stock of the institution is, at present, divided in- 
to about eleven hundred shares. The following list em- 
braces the names and subscriptions of the stockholders: 



Daniel Abbott, - - fF25 00 

E. C. Abbott, - - 25 UO 

John Alexander, - - 25 00 

Loander Allen, - - 25 00 

V. D. Ander.son, - - 25 00 

Rev. Dan'l Babcock's estate, 1, 100 00 

Abel Babcock, - - 50 00 

Eev. James Bailey, - 375 («) 

L. G. Baldwin, - - 225 00 

A. W. Baldwin, - - 200 t)0 

A. Barnhart, - - - 225 00 

James Barnhart, - 150 00 

Silas Barnhart, - - 25 00 

Horatio Berry, - - 25 00 

Miss Jane C. Bond, - 25 00 

L. H. Bond, - - 350 00 

A. D. Bond, - - - 225 00 

B. M. Bond, M. D., - 500 00 
Eev. R. C. Bond, - - 25 00 

E. J. Bond, M. B., - 25 00 
W. H. Borden, M.D., - 25 00 
Fitch Brown, - - 50 00 
Erastus Brown, - - 125 00 
Alva A. Brown, - - 50 00 

F. Buten, - - - 50 00 
F. 0. Buten, - - lUO 00 
S. D. Blitz, - - - 25 00 

D. C. Biirdick, - - 25 00 
Geo. S. Bnrdick, Jr., - 100 (Ml 
S. G. Burdiek, - - 140 Ot) 

E. L. Burdiek, - - 50 00 
Ethan Bnrdick, - - 25 00 
Rev. S. Carpenter, D. D., - 400 00 
Hon. S. C. Carr, - - 25 00 
J. G. Carr, - - - 100 00 

D. W. Cartwright, - 125 00 
Chas. Chapman, - - 25 00 
Alvit Clarke, - - luo (.0 
S. J. Clarke, - - - 50 00 
Albertus Clarke - - 25 00 
W.iW. Clarke, ' - - 25 00 
Wm. Cole, - - - 200 00 
Amos Colegrove, - - 40 00 
Mrs. T. A. Collins, - 100 00 
Rev. S. Coon, - - 50 00 
Ezra Crandall, - - 425 00 
H. B. Crandall, - - 25 00 
J. M. Crandall, - - 25 00 
W. L. V. Crandall, - - 125 00 
M. W. Crumb, - - 125 00 
J. C. Culver, - - - 4i) 44 
Hon. Jeremiah Davis, - 1,400 00 
Kewton Davis, - - 25 00 
Henry Ernst, - - 100 00 ' 
R. P. Fraser, - - - 25 00 | 

E. P. Frink, - - 1(X) 00 
Hon. Joseph Goodrich, - 1,700 00 I 



lion. Jos. Goodrich's estate, $3,043 64 

Mrs. Nancv Goodrich, - 107 77 

Mrs. N. Goodrich's estate, 600 00 
Mrs. Susan 11. Goodrich, - 250 00 

Ezra Goodrich, - - 225 00 

W. A. Goodrich, - - 75 00 

Mrs. Folly Goodrich, - 1,500 00 

C. II. Greenman, - - 954 24 

Clark Greenman, - 500 00 

Geo. Greenman & Co., - 1,000 00 

Mrs. C. Z. Greenman, - 1,475 00 
Mrs. Mary B. Greenman, - 700 00 

John M. Greenman, - 150 00 

R, J. Greenman, - - 52 85 

Henry G. Greenman, - 150 00 

Paul M. Green, - - 100 00 

II. W. Green, - - 125 00 

W. G. Hamilton, - - 275 00 

H. G. Hamilton, - - 225 (K) 

E. T. Hamilton, - • 25 00 

S. C. Hamilton, - - 50 00 

Horace M. Haven, - - 575 00 

W. M. Hemphill, - 125 OO 

Joel Jones, - - - 50 00 

Ethan Lamphcar, - 25 00 

E. Lvons, - - - 100 00 

Mrs.'L. R. S. Lyons. - 350 00 

Iduna Lvceum, - - 76 00 

Rev. D. E. Maxson, D. D., 200 00 

Miss Mary A. Maxson, - 25 00 

L. G. Maxson, M. D., - 25 00 

Svlvanus Maxson, - - 50 00 

Peter iMcEwan, - - 25 00 

VV. T. :M()r-an. - - 25 00 

Daniel Newcomb, - 25 00 

Mrs. Fanny ^Newcomb, 25 00 

Clark Needhain, - - 25 00 

Avery Palmer, - - 25 00 

Wm. Paul, - - - 25 00 

Geo. Potter, - - - 50 00 

Mrs. Chas. Potter, Jr., - 50 00 

Ralph Richardson, - - 25 00 

E. B. Rogers. - - 460 00 
Prof. W. M. Rogers, - 25 00 
S. C. Roe, - - - 25 00 
Joseph Spaulding, - - 60 00 
Wm. Spaulding, - - 75 00 
Rev. A. C. Spicer, - - 93 80 
A. C. Stannard, - - 100 00 

F. H. Stillman, - - 2.50 00 
Prof. J. M. Stillman, - 25 00 
Mrs. Susimna Stillman, - 100 00 
(lardiuer Saunders, - 25 00 
Truinau Saunders, - - IW 00 
Perrv Sweet. - - 135 00 
Edwin Swinnev, - - 50 00 
J ehlel Taylor, - - 25 00 



92 



HISTORICAL SKETCH 



SUBSCKIBERS TJ THE CAriTAL, STOCK — Continued. 



I. D. Titsworth, 
Kev. Geo. B. Utter, 
J. J. Vankirk, 
Oran V^inceut, 
C. Yiucent, 
Eev. N. Warduer, 



.$100 00 I 
25 00 
25 00 ; 

325 00 I 
25 00 

100 00 



Wm. B. Wells, 

C. V. Wells, 

Prof. Albert Whitford, 

Kev. W. C. Whitford, 

Mrs. R. H. Whitford, 

Robert Williams, 



?25 00 
25 00 

6.50 00 

2,436 12 

25 00 

650 00 



STATISTICS OF ATTENDANCE AND GRADUATION 

Since 18.58. 



The Academy. 





Under- 
graduates. 


Grad- 
uates. 




Year. 




« 




a 
-a 

IS 


Total. 


oDciDcoccxiooooaoao 


153 

140 
197 
175 
131 
149 
117 
228 
193 


88 
112 
176 
179 
175 
200 
172 
186 
145 


4 
6 

o 

3 

2 
10 


1 
2 
4 
5 
2 
2 
1 
5 


246 
2(iO 
384 
359 
310 
354 
292 
421 
355 



The Collet/e. 





Academic 
Courses. 




Collegiate Coursi 


8-, 




Su 
















i 








mmart. 




Under- 


Grad- 


Fresh- Sopho- 


Jun- 


Sen- 








graduates 


uates. 


man. more. 


ior. 


ior. 








p 




_: 




_: 




c 




d 




„• 




jj 












o 








<u 








z:> 




Ci 








ti 




c 








e 




S 




e 




c 






a 
































< 


vJ 






G3 




« 




Oi 


^ 


« 




o 






"3 


H 


a 


-a 


a 


•o 


a 


73 


a 


r^ 


B 




R 


-c 


c 


-c 


^j 


IH 




cS 




c3 


a 




<o 


•a 






a> 




o 


SS 




O 


hq 


O 


i-i 


O 


i-I 


O 


i-J 


O 


(-3 


O 


I-; 


O 


iJ 


H 


1868 


139 


104 




1 


36 


20 


18 


12 


2 


3 






195 


140 


33.5 


1869 


136 


105 


1 


3 


49 


29 


10 


10 


3 


1 


_ 





199 


148 


347 


1870 


100 


87 


1 


2 


30 


25 


12 


8 


4 


2 


2 





149 


124 


273 


1871 


83 


72 


1 


— 


23 


9 


18 


8 


7 


3 


4 


2 


136 


94 


•SU) 


1872 


75 


77 


5 


4 


2.1 


23 


12 


11 


6 


2 


3 




121 


117 


ZiH 


1873 


75 


47 





3 


25 


14 


16 


10 


6 


3 


2 


2 


124 


79 


203 


1874 


99 


46 


1 


4 


22 


15 


18 


10 


4 


a 


7 


1 


151 


79 


230 


1875 


98 


78 


2 


— 


27 


15 


15 


9 


5 


2 


4 


— 


151 


104 


255 



OF MILTON" COLLEGE. 



93 



GRADUATES IN THE COLLEGIATE DEPARTMENT. 



Nathan C. Twining, A. M., 
Miss Isabelle L. Hall, A. M., 



Albert Salisbur}', A, M., 
Jesse B. Thayer, M. S., 



1S07. 



1870. 



Teacher. 
Teacher. 



Teacher. 
Teacher. 



M. Delano Fuller, M. S., 
George F. Holcomb, B. S., - 
Edwin Swinney, M. S., 
Albert D. Whitmore, B. S., 
Miss Inez C. Cliilds, M. S., 
Miss E. Albertine Utter, M. S., 



Jonathan D. Bond, M. S., 
L. Dow Harvey, M. S., 
Matthew White, A. B., - 



187'i. 



1873. 



E. Stillman Bailey. A. B., - 
Albert R. Crandall, A. B., 
Miss Jane C. Bond, L. A., 
Miss Florence H. ^yilliam8, L. S., 



1871. 



William II. Ernst, A. B. 
Watson C. Holbrook, B. S., 
Dwight Kinney, A. B., 
Arthur A. Miller, A. B., 
W. Burton Morgan, A. B., - 
Frederick D. Rogers, A. B., 
Robert D. Whitford, A. B., 
Mrs. Amelia C. Steele, L. S., 



Lawyer. 

Deceased. 

Teacher. 

Farmer. ' 

Teacher. 

Teacher. 



Teacher. 
Teacher. 
Clergyman. 



Student. 
State Geologist. 
Teacher. 
Teacher. 



Student. 

Teacher. 

Teacher. 

Teacher. 

Student. 

Druggist. 

Teacher. 

Teacher. 



Clark T. Havens, A. B., 
Lucius Heritage, A. B., 
D. Osmer Hibbard, B. S., 
Isaac L. Mayhieu, A. B., 



Teacher. 
Teacher. 
Teacher. 
Student. 



94o HISTORICAL SKETCH 

HONORARY DEGREES. 
DOCTOR OF DIVINITT. 

Eev. D. E. Maxson. — Rev. T. R. Williams. 

MASTER OF ARTS. 

Hon. .John A. Smith. Prof. Chase. Mrs. Chloe C. Whitford. 

LIBRARIES AND SOCIETIES. 

A donation of $1,000, from Rev. Daniel Babcock, 
enabled the college, in 1871, to establish the " Babcock 
Library," which has now twelve hundred volumes. 
Three other libraries, each having about three hundred 
volumes, belong to the Literary Societies. The oldest 
of these societies was organized by the ladies in 1851, 
and is now called the Iduna Lyceum. The gentlemen 
sustain two large societies, the Orophilian and Philo- 
mathean, which have been in operation for about 
eighteen years. The Christian Association has per- 
formed efficient work for the past six years, and under 
its management the religious meetings of the college 
are sustained. 

APPARATUS AND CABINETS. 

The usual apparatus for experiuients in chemistry 
and physics are owned by the college. An excellent 
telescope, with a four inch object glass, is in frequent 
use. The mineralogical and geological cabinets number 
several hundred specimens. About three thousand 
species of plants are embraced in the botanical cabinet. 
This is particularly full in representing the flora of 
this region of the country. The institution has a fine 
collection of implements, which belong to the stone 



OF MILTON COLLEGE. 95 

and copper ages, and were found in the vicinity of 
Milton. 

PRESENT FINANCIAL CONDITION. 

Estimated cash value of the lands owned by the college $3, 900 00 

Estimated cash value of three buildings , 30, 550 00 

Amount of endowment fuud and notes 6,000 00 

Cabinets, apparatus, furniture, paintings, and library 5, 400 00 

Sundry articles, estimated value 275 00 

Amount f 46, 125 GO 



HISTORICAL SKETCH 



LAWRENCE UNIYERSITY. 



This institution had its inception in the offer (about 
1846) of Hon. Amos A. Lawrence, of Boston, Mass., to 
give ten thousand doUars towards the foundation of a 
school, to be located in the Lower Fox Valle}'-, provided 
the Methodists of Wisconsin would raise an additional 
ten thousand for the same purpose. The offer was 
accepted. A charter was secured from the territorial 
legislature, under the title of The Lawrence Institute 
of Wisconsin. The bill granting this charter was 
signed by Gov. Dodge, Jan. 17, 1847. The organiza- 
tion of the Board of Trustees was effected tlie same 
year, by the election of the following officers: Presi- 
dent, Hon. M. C. Darling; 1st Vice President, Hon. N. 
P. Tallmadge; 2d Vice President, Henry S. Baird, Esq.; 
Treasurer, Hon. Morgan L. Martin; Secretary, Rev. W. 
H. Sampson. 

After considerable canvasshig, the location of the 
new institution was fixed at the Grand Chute, now the 
city of Appleton. The place where the city stands was 
then a wilderness; and the original building for the in- 
stitute was one of the very first undertaken in the 
region. In 1849, Nov. 12th, the school opened with 
7 



98 HISTORICAL SKETCH 

Rev. W. H. Sampson, as Principal; R. 0. Kellogg, A. 
B., Professor of Languages; James M. Phinney, Pro- 
fessor of Mathematics; and Miss Emeline M. Crooker, 
Preceptress. The number of students, the first year, 
was about sixty. The accommodations were meager, 
the surroundings in many respects disagreeable, and the 
means very scanty. But the school had an excellent 
reputation from the start, and increased in popularity. 
The sacrifices of those who had the immediate manage- 
ment were very great, and at times the prospects quite 
discouraging. 

In the latter part of 1852, the Rev. Edward Cooke, 
D. D., of Boston, Mass., was elected president. The 
charter had been altered in the meantime, so as to con- 
fer collegiate powers upon the institution, and it had 
taken the corporate title of " The Lawrence University 
of Wisconsin." Dr. Cooke was installed in office at the 
annual Commencement, the last of June, 1853. At the 
same time the corner stone of the main building of the 
college was laid by Hon. M. C. Darling, President of 
the Board of Trustees. This structure was completed 
about three years afterwards, but not before the frame 
building previously occupied had been destroyed b}' fire. 
The present college building is one hundred and twenty 
feet long by sixty wide. It is built of stone, and is 
three stories and a half above the basement. It con- 
tains a commodious chapel, capable of seating eight 
hundred or a thousand people, six recitation rooms, a 
large library room, two fine society halls, large cabinet 
and reading rooms, apparatus rooms, and dormitories 
for about fifty students. 

The first college class was graduated in 1857, and 



OF LAWRENCE UNIVERSITY. 99 

consisted of seven members, four gentlemen and three 
ladies. The whole number of graduates up to 1876, 
including the graduating class of this 3'ear, is 186, of 
whom 121 are gentlemen and 65 are ladies. From the 
heginning, ladies as well as gentlemen have enjoyed the 
privileges of the institution in all its departments ; and 
for the last ten years there has been no discrimination 
in any respect between the sexes as to advantages and 
opportunities. 

Like many other institutions east and M^est, this one 
has had experience of great hardships and much pov- 
erty. There were many mistakes, as was almost inevi- 
table in the early management of its affairs; and some 
of these proved nearly fatal. It had for a long time an 
exceedingl}'' small endowment fund, although a large 
number of scholarships had been sold at a small price, 
thus cutting off the tuition fees and giving slender re- 
sources for income. The present property of the insti- 
tution amounts to nearly two hundred thousand dol- 
lars, though liable from the peculiar nature of a part of 
it to considerable shrinkage. Of this about sixty thou- 
sand dollars constitute a perpetual endowment fund, 
in addition to which a recent but not yet effectual con- 
version of unproductive property, should give some 
thirty or forty thousand more; making the whole en- 
dowment approximate to one hundred thousand dollars. 
A portion of the funds is set apart for a library fund, 
being the gift of ten thousand dollars for this purpose 
by Hon. Samuel Appleton, of Boston, only the interest 
of which is to be used for .the benefit of the library, 
which from him is called the Appleton Library. This 
library now numbers over seven thousand volumes, and 



100 HISTORICAL SKETCH 

is one of the largest as well as one of the very best 
working college libraries in the west. 

The institution has a valuable cabinet and museum 
and a good collection of apparatus. 

In the Collegiate Department there are three parallel 
courses of study, each of four years duration — the Clas- 
sical, Scientific and Civil Engineering. There are also 
a Preparatory and an Academical Department, a Com- 
mercial School, a Conservatory of Music and a School 
of Drawing and Painting, The number of different 
students in all the departments during the year 1875, as 
by the catalogue of that year, was 333 — 185 gentle- 
men and 148 ladies — of whom 102 — 58 gentlemen and 
41 ladies — were in the college classes. The faculty con- 
sists of 14 professors and instructors. 

The presidency of Dr. Cooke terminated in 1861. He 
was succeeded by Russell Z. Mason, LL. D., who re- 
signed in 1865, and was succeeded by Rev. Geo. M. 
Steele, D. D., the present head of the institution. 

FACULTY. 

Eev. George M. Steele, D. D., Presicleut, and Clafliu Professor of Ethics and 

Civil Polity. 
Hiram A. Jones, A. M., Professor of Ancient Languages and Literature. 
Wilbur P. Yocum, A. M., Alumni Professor of Natural History and Geology, 

and Principal of the Institute. 
Eev. Wesley C. Sawyer, A. M ., Ph. D., Professor of Philosophy and Rhetoric. 
James C. Foye, A. M., Professor of Chemistry and Physics. 
James H. Worman, A. M., Nou-Resident Professor of Modern Uistory and 

Languages. 
Louise M. Hodgkins, Preceptress, and Instructor in French and History. 
DeForest M. Hyde, C. E., Professor of Mathematics and Civil Engineering. 
Selina A. Clark, Instructor in Drawing and Painting. 
Oliver P. Deland, Director of the^Commercial School. 
T. Martin Towne, Director;;of the Conservatory of Music. 
Mary R. B. Graves, M. S., Director of the Juvenile Department. ' 



OF LAWREKCE UNIVERSITY. 101 

Eva H. Farlin, Isabella E. Smith, Assistants iu the Academical Department. 
Wilbur F. Yocum, A. M., Librarian. 

The College Faculty arranged by priority of graduation; the others in the 
order of appointment. 

REQUISITES FOR ADMISSION". 

I. Candidates for admission to the Freshman Class, 
Classical Course, are, for the present, examined in the 
following studies : 

1. English Grammar and Analysis, Elementary Rhe- 
toric, Geography, Descriptive and Physical, History of 
the United States, and Elementary Physiology. 

2. Arithmetic and Algebra complete. 

3. Harkness' First Book in Latin, Harkness' Latin 
Grammar, including Prosody; Harkness' Latin Reader; 
Caesar's Commentaries; six Books in Virgil; Sallust's 
Catiline, and Cicero's Orations against Catiline. 

4. Hadley's Greek Grammar and Greek Reader, or four 
Books in the Anabasis. 

n. Candidates for admission to the Freshman Class, 
Scientific Course, are examined in Latin Grammar and 
Reader, Csesar's Commentaries, and at least one book 
in Virgil. They will also be examined in Natural Phil- 
osophy and in all of the above English studies, except 
Elementary Rhetoric. 

Candidates for advanced standing are examined in the 
Preparatory studies, and in all those which have been 
pursued by the Class which they wish to enter, or such 
as may be deemed equivalent. But candidates for ad- 
mission to any of the College Classes may present certi- 
ficates of the work they have done in other institutions, 
and a rank will be assigned them according to the 
studies they have pursued and the character of their cer- 



102 HISTORICAL SKETCH. 

tificates. A thorough Grammatical and Elementary 
preparation is especially required. 

The regular examination for admission to the College 
will be on Tuesday, at 8 o'clock A. M., one day preced- 
ing the Commencement of the Fall Term, and on the 
first day of subsequent Terms. 

Testimonials of good moral character are required, 
and in case the student is from another college, a note 
of regular dismission. 

COURSES OF STUDY. 

CLASSICAL. 
FKESHJIAN CLASS. 

First Term. — Ovid — Andrews. LaUn Prose Composition — Harkness. 
Herodotus — Johnson. Geometry begun — Olney. 

Second Term. — Livy — Chase. Latin Prose Composition — Harkness. 
Geometry finished —pluey. Homers Iliad — Owen. Greek Prosody — 
Hadley. 

Third Term. — Livy — Chase. Latin Prose Composition —Harkness. 
Homer's Iliad — Owen. Plane and Spherical Trigonometry — Olney. Week- 
ly exercises in Composition and Declamation. 

SOPUOMORE CLASS. 

First Term. — Ancient History — Thalheimcr. Analytical Geometry — fi\- 
ney. French begun — Worman ; or Cicero de Officiis — Thatcher. 

Second Term. — Xenophon's Memorabilia — Robinson. Greek Prose Com- 
position — Boise. French, Echo de Paris, or Cicero de Oratore — Worman. 
Ancient History — Thalheimer. 

Third Term. — Greek Tragedies — Woolsey. Greek Prose Composition — 
Boise. Modern History and Literature — Thalheimer and Schlegel. Horace 
— Lincoln or Chase. Latin Prosody — Harkness. 

JUNIOR CLASS. 

First Term. — Physics — Mechanics and Acousties — Atkinson's Ganot 
German begun — Worman ; or Tacitus and Hercules Furens —Tyler. Plato's 
Crito or Apologia — White. 

Second Term. — Physics — Heat and Light — Atkinson's Ganot. Intellec- 
tual Philosophy— Wayland. German Grammar and Reader— Worman; or 
.fischines de Corono — Champlin. 

Third Term. — Logic — Atwater. Physics — Magnetism and Electricity — 
Atkinson's Ganot. German Literature — Worman; or Plato's Gorgias — 
Lewis. 

Declamations and Compositions weekly throughout the year. 



OF LAWRENCE UNIVERSITY. 103 



SENIOR YEAR. 

First Term. — Chemistry begun — Lectures. Astrouomy — Lectures. Po- 
litical Economy— Lectures. 

Second Term. — Chemistry finished — Lectures. Mineralogy — Dana. Evi- 
dences of Christianity — Hopkins. Elements of Criticism — Karnes. 

Third Term. — '}lio\-3\ Science— Wayland. Geology — Dana. Demosthe- 
nes de Corona — Champlin. 

Orations before the students each term throughout the year. 

Books of Reference in the Department of Ctesszcs. — Zumpt's Latin 
Grammar, Kuhner's large Greek Grammar, Andrews'' Latin Lexicon, Liddell 
and Scotfs Greek Lexicon, Anthon'sor Smith's Classical Dictionary, Manual 
of Classical Literature, Crusius' Homeric Lexicon, Sophocles'' Greek Verbs, 
Munk's Greek and Roman Meters, Long's or Findlay's Classical Atlas, An- 
thon's Manuals of Grecian and Roman Antiquities, Dwighfs Grecian and 
Roman Mythology, Ramshorn's or Doderlein's Latin Synonyms, Histories of 
Greece and Rome. 

SCIENTIFIC. 

FRESHMAN CLASS. 

First re?/-?/!.— Virgil — Chase or Frieze. Geometry begun — Olney. Ele- 
mentary Rhetoric — Hart. 

Secorid Te/w. — Sallust- Hanson. Geometry finished — Olney. Consti, 
tution of the United States and of Wisconsin —Townsend and Fallows. 

Third Term. — Plane and Spherical Trigonometry — Olney. Natural His- 
tory — Lectures. Cicero's Orations — Hanson. 

Weekly e.xercises the same as in the Classical Course. 

SOniOJIORE CLASS. 

First r<!/'wi. — Analytical Geometry — Olney. French begun — Otto. An- 
cient History — Thalheimer. 

Second Tenw. —French, Echo de Paris —M'ormau. Calculus —Olney. 
Ancient History — Thalheimer. 

Third Term. — Modern History and Literature — Thalheimer and Schlegel, 
French Reader — Kuapp. Botany — Wood. 

Weekly exercises the same as in the Classical Course. 

JUNIOR CLASS. 

First r«rt?i.— Natural Theology and Comparative Zoology — Chadbourne 
and Agassiz. Physics: Mechanics and Acoustics — Atkinson's Ganot. Ger- 
man begun — Worman. 

Second Term. — V\iy^ics: Heat and Light— Atkinson's Ganot. Intellectual 
Philosophy — Wayland. German Grammar and Reader — Worman. 

Third Term.— Logic — Atwater. Physics: Magnetism and Electricity- 
Atkinson's Ganot. German Literature —Worman. 

Weeklv exercises the same as in the Classical Course. 



104 HISTORICAL SKETCH 



SENIOR CLASS. 

First Term. — Chemistry begun — Lectures. Astronomy — Lectures. .Po- 
litical Economy — Lectures. 

Second Term. — Chemistry finished — Lectures. Mineralogy — Dana. Evi- 
dences of Christianity — Hopkins. Elements of Criticism — Karnes. 

Third Term. — 'itloraX Science —Waylaud. Geology — Dana. 

Music or Painting may be substituted for some of the higher mathematics 
and other scientific branches after the first term Sophomore. 

CIVIL EXGINEEIIING. 

FRESHMAN CLASS. 

First Term. — Geometry begun — Olney. Elementary Rhetoric — Hart. 
Industrial Drawing. 

Second Te/'m. — Geometry finished — Olney. Constitution of the LTnited 
States and of Wisconsin — Townsend and Fallows. Industrial Drawing. 

Third Term. — Plane and Spherical Trigonometry — Olney. Natural His- 
tory — Lectures. Isometrical Drawing and Class-piece. 

"Weekly exercises the same as in the Classical Course. 

SOPHOMORE CLASS. 

First Term. — Analytical Geometry — Olney. Descriptive Geometry and 
Drawing. Ancient History — Thalheimer. 

Second Term. — Calculus — Olney. Ancient History — Thalheimer. 
Shades, Shadows and Perspective Drawing. 

y/ierrf r^j'm.- Calculus — Olney. Botany— Wood. Modern History and 
Literature — Thalheimer and Schlegel. Drawing. 

Weekly exercises as in Classical Course. 

JUNIOR CLASS. 

First Term. — Physics : Mechanics and Acoustics — Atkinson's Ganot. 
German or French begun — Wormau or Otto. Natural Theology and Com- 
parative Zoology — Chadbourne and Agassiz. 

Second Term. — Vhy^ics: Heat and Light — Atkinson's Ganot. German 
or French, continued — Worman or Otto. Strength of Material. 

Third Term. — Land Surveying— Gillespie. Physics: Magnetism and 
Electricity — Atkinson's Ganot. German or French, finished — Worman or 
Knapp. 

Weekly exercises as in Classical Course. 

SENIOR CLASS. 

First Term. — Chemistry began — Lectures. Astronomy — Lectures. 
United States Coast Survey — Statistics. Political Economy (optional) — 
Lectures. 

Second yg?';?!.- Chemistry flnifshed — Lectures. Mineralogy— Dana. Evi- 
dences of Christianity — Hopkins. Bridge Building. 

Third Term.—MoyaX Science- Wuyland. Geology — Dana. Visitation 
of Public Works. 

Orations before the students each term throughout the year. 



OF LAWREN^CE UKIYERSITY. 105 

LECTURES. 

By the President, oii Political Economy, during tlie 
Winter Term. 

By Professor Foye, on Chemistry, during the Fall and 
Winter Terms; on Physics, through the year. 

By Professor Yocum, on Natural History, during the 
Spring Term. 

By the President, from time to time, before all the 
students, on Manners, Morals and Methods of Study. 



HISTORICAL SKETCH 



BIPON COLLEGE 



[Note. — The|inaterials for this sketch have beeu derived from a variety of 
sources, chiefly from a paper presented before the " Society for the Promo- 
tion of Collegiate and Theological Education at the West" by Pres. W. E. 
Merhiman, in 1868.] 

As early in the history of what is now the city of 
Ripon as 1851, when there was little to be seen upon 
the high ground surrounding the valley in which 
clustered the houses of the little village of Ceresco, 
except the rolling prairie in all its native breadth and 
beauty, dotted here and there with groves of oaks and 
poplars, when as 3'et streets and houses were few, and 
the inhabitants not more than a few score, the far-see- 
ing citizens began a movement to establish here an in- 
stitution of learning of a liigh order. The national 
census of the year before had set down the total popu- 
lation of the new and rising state, then only three years 
old, as 305,391, and it was rather to provide facilities for 
the higher culture of the thousands that were, it was 
seen, soon to people the fertile lands, than to meet the 
limited wants of the existing population that the en- 
terprise was begun. There were then onlj' two colleges 
in the state, and they had an attendance of only sev- 



108 HISTORICAL SKETCH 

entj'-five students. The people who had selected this 
beautiful spot for their homes, wordly-wise, and, let us 
hope, actuated by noble motives, resolved to make the 
town distinguished as a seat of learning and a center 
of culture for all time to come; and an early organiza- 
tion for the purpose was effected. 

The act of incorporation of Brockway College, as it 
was agreed to call the new institution, was approved 
January 29, 1851.* The original corporators were David 
P. Mapes, Ezra L. Northrup, Alvan E. Bovay, Warren 
Chase, John S. Horner, Jehdeiah Bowen, Almon Os- 
born, Asa Kinney, Edwin Lockwood, Dana F. Shepard, 
Alexander B. Beardsley, William S. Brockway, Edward 
L. Runals, William Starr, and the president of the col- 
lege ex officio. The design and purpose of the said cor- 
porators was declared to be "to found, establish and 
maintain at Ripon, in the county of Fond du Lac, an 
institution of learning of the highest order, embracing 
also a department for preparatory instruction." The 
buildings of the institution were to be located on " out- 
lot No. 4, in the village of Ripon," and the annual in- 
come from all property belonging to the college was 
not to exceed $10,000. 

Contributions of materials, of money, and of land 
were made, and, during the summer of 1851, the stone 
walls of the first college building — now East College — 
were erected. The funds on hand Ijeing already ex- 
hausted, a new effort had to be made; and, later in the 
season, the roof was put on. At this stage of advance- 
ment the enterprise seems for a time to have halted. 

The site of the new institution embraced at this 

* Acts and resolves of the Wisconsin Legislature, 185L 



OF KIPON" COLLEGE. 109 

time but a single acre of gronncl, fronting east upon 
Ransom street, and lying principally just south of the 
present site of the Congregational church. 

The next summer, the trustees sent a proposition, by 
the first minister of the Congregational church of 
Ripon, Rev. F. G. Sherrill, to the " Winnebago District 
Convention of Presbyterian Ministers and Churches," 
to adopt the institution. They offered to transfer to 
the convention all the propert}' of the college for the 
nominal sum of $400, on condition that the building 
should be finished, so far as necessarj* for the purpose, 
and a school opened in it early in the summer of 1853. 

The churches of this region being then very weak, 
the convention did not deem it practicable to raise 
the nionej' required, but requested Rev. J. W. Walcott, 

formerly the principal of an academy at , New 

York, but then the minister of a church at Menasha, 
and a member of the convention, to buy the property 
for the convention, pledging itself to take it as soon 
as it should be able to pay him for it. In accord- 
ance with the request of the convention and at the 
solicitation of the trustees, conveyed to him by Mr. J. 
Bowen, Mr. Walcott obtained the property by deed 
from the trustees. He enlarged the grounds of the col- 
lege by the purchase of some adjacent land, chiefly from 
A. E. Bovay and J. Bowen, until, at one time, the col- 
lege grounds embraced nearly the whole square upon 
which the buildings are situated, together with some 
adjacent land. From Mr. Bovaj", he obtained between 
two and three aci'es, constituting the southeast portion 
of the present campus; and from Mr. Bowen he ob- 
tained about seven acres, constituting the southwest 



110 HISTORICAL SKETCH 

portion, and extending westward to the cemetery line. 
From other owners he obtained that portion of the 
grounds upon which stand Middle College and West 
College, and the row of lots not now belonging to the 
college, which bound the present college territory on 
the north, and front upon State street. 

Some of the upper rooms of the building were fin- 
ished, together with the halls, and, according to agree- 
ment, a school was opened in them in 1853, and was 
continued from that time with a good degree of success. 

In February, 1855, in accordance with a resolution of 
the convention, a new charter was obtained, naming as 
the new Board of Trustees the following gentlemen, 
designated by the convention: Ezra L. Northrup, Jeh- 
deiah Bo wen, Jeremiah W. Walcott, Silas Hawley, 
Dana Lamb, Bertine Pinckney, Charles H. Camp, Harvey 
Grant, Sherlock Bristol, and the president of the college 
ex-officio. The new charter (Private and Local Laws of 
Wis., 1855), increased the limit of income of the college 
to '^20,000, and conferred some other enlarged powers, 
particularly with regard to establishing a normal course 
of study and other courses, and with regard to holding 
lands adjacent to " out-lot No. 4." 

The board was organized under the new charter in 
March, 1855. 

In 1857 (February 21), the college grounds and the 
building were conveyed to the board by warranty deed 
by Mr. Walcott. During this same year a second build- 
ing, now Middle College, was erected, the first building 
having been in the meantime completed throughout 
and found to be inadequate to the growing demands of 
the school. The erection of Middle College exhausted 



OF RIPON" COLLEGE. Ill 

the limited means of the board and left it deeply in debt; 
and the financial disasters of the country in that year 
affected its resources very severely. For about five 
years the institution struggled with great financial diffi- 
culties, in consequence of which, at the opening of the 
rebellion, the school was for one year suspended. 

In 1862, a subscription to pay the debts of the college 
was so far successful that the trustees reopened the 
school, and in September of that year Prof. E. H. Mer- 
rell, now Professor of Greek, assumed the charge of it. 
This gentleman was, in 1862, but recently graduated 
from Oberlin College, and from 01)erlin Theological 
Seminary, and has now been longer connected with the 
college than any other of the corps of instructors. 

The school grew so rapidly, and its prospects seemed 
so favorable, that in April, 1863, the trustees began the 
organization of a permanent faculty. Rev. Wm. E. 
Merriman, of Green Bay, a graduate of Williams Col- 
lege, was elected President, and E. H. Merrell was elect- 
ed Professor of Languages. At the annual meeting of 
the board in July, 1863, the president entered upon his 
duties, and the policy of the college was defined. At 
the opening of the term in September, 1863, the first 
college class was formed. During that first college year 
the debts of the college were all i>aid, the library was 
begun, and amendments to the charter were obtained, 
changing the name of the institution to Ripon College, 
and granting some additional privileges. (Laws of Wis., 
1861.) 

The year 1863 marks the permanent organization of 
the college. Since that time it has made constant pro- 
gress in the number of its teachers and students, in fa- 



112 HISTORICAL SKETCH 

cilities for instruction, and in reputation and influence 
in the state. The first class was graduated in 1867, and 
consisted of four members: Luthera H. Adams, Harriet 
H. Brown, Mary F. Spencer, and Susan A. W. Salis- 
bury — all ladies. Consulting the first catalogue of 
Ripon College, we find the following named members 
of the faculty: Rev. W. E. Merriman, A. M., President, 
and Professor of Mental and Moral Science; Edward H. 
Merrell, A. M., Professor of Greek; Daniel Merriman, 
A. M., Professor of Natural Sciences; Theodore Wilder, 
A. B., Professor of Mathematics; Justus N. Brown, A. 
B., Professor of Latin; Mrs. C. T. Tracy, Superintend- 
ent of the Ladies' Department, and Instructor in Bot- 
any; Mrs. Julia H. Merrell, Instructor in Latin and 
Greek; Miss Frances E. Durand, Instructor in Higher 
English studies; Miss Luthera H. Adams, Instructor in 
Mathematics; Miss A. A. Davis, Teacher of Music; Miss 
E. N. Billings, Teacher of Music and Vocal culture; and 
Mr. R. S. Cross, Teacher of Penmanship and Accounts. 
The rhetorical department, now so valuable and promi- 
nent a part of the college work, was at the time to which 
we are now referring not organized, and its duties were 
in part distributed among the teachers of other branches. 
The musical department also was as yet without organ- 
ization. In all, the college has now (Februar}', 1876) 
graduated nine classes, numbering from three to thirteen 
each, and averaging between seven and eight each, the 
total number of graduates being sixty-eight. The num- 
ber of students in attendance during the past nine years 
has varied from year to year between 321 in 1867-8, and 
358 in 1875-6. The number of students in college 
classes has varied from 60 to 75 a year. 



OF RIPON COLLEGE. 113 

111 1866, three years after the permanent organization 
of the college, the school had outgrown its accommoda- 
tions, and in 1867 the third college building, now West 
College, larger and better than either of the others, was 
erected and occupied.* 

CHARTER POWERS AKD CONTROL OF THE COLLEGE. 

The charter of the college incorporates the Board of 
Trustees of Ripon College, fifteen in number, including 
the president of the college, who is ex officio a trustee. 
The others hold office for three years, one-third going 
out of office every year; but they may be reelected. 
The board fills its own vacancies. It has power to 
establish and maintain in Ripon an institution of learn- 
ing of the highest order, with all the powers necessary 
to its operajbion and control. It may establish any de- 
partment of learning, may confer the usual degrees, 
and maj' receive donations and apply them to spe- 
cial educational purposes according to the design of 
the donors. It may hold property, real and personal, 
to an}' amount, provided the annual income from it 
shall not exceed 120,000. It may hold, free of taxes, 
land given to the college to the amount of 10,000 acres. 

The title of the college grounds and buildings is per- 
fect, and the properly is wholly unincumbered. The 
whole control of the college is in the trustees, accord- 
ing to the charter. It has been built up mainly by the 
Congregationalists, a majority of its trustees have been 
ministers or members of Congregational churches, and 

* KoTE : — It was stated in the first part of this sketch that East College 
was completed in 1857. This is a mistake. The building was finally com- 
pleted in 1863, the year of the reorganization of the school. 



114 HISTORICAL SKETCH 

the board has the confidence of that denomination. It 
is a Christian college under the influence of the Con- 
gregationalists. It looks to them for support, and will 
be consistent with their principles, but it is not designed 
to be sectarian; its privileges are open to all on the 
same terms, and it has no ecclesiastical connection or 
control. 

DESIGN AND POLICY OF THE COLLEGE. 

Young men and 3'oung women are here educated to- 
gether; they may take the same courses of study, and 
enjoy the same privileges. This is no experiment here; 
experience has satisfied all concerned that this plan is 
every way the best. It requires better conditions and 
produces better results than the plan of separate educa- 
tion of the sexes. 

Health, Christian character and Christian influence 
are made prominent ends of instruction as conducted 
here. We seek to have the college pervaded with the 
Christian spirit, and characterized by Christian princi- 
ples. As a result, we hope to secure a proper Christian 
morality in the students, and their devotion to useful 
service in Christian lives. 

An Academical Department in connection with the 
college is found to be a necessity, and the purpose is to 
continue it and make it an element of greater power 
and usefulness than it has been heretofore. In a thor- 
oughly organized preparatory school, it is possible to 
secure much more thorough and systematic preparation 
for the college courses than can be obtained otherwise; 
and until the demand for strictly college istruction is 
greater than at present, a preparatory school is not a 
hindrance. The department is open to all students of 



OF KIPO]S' COLLEGE. 115 

suital)le age when they have completed their studies in 
the higher public schools, and if they cannot take a full 
course, they may pursue, under the direction of the fac- 
ulty, such studies as their cases admit. The wants of 
the people demand this, and the college and the prepar- 
atory school may be advantageously connected. 

There are two courses of study in the Collegiate 
Department, the scientific and the classical, differing 
chiefly in the relative attention given to the sciences 
and to classical studies. We seek to maintain the 
standard of a liberal education, both in thoroughness 
and extent, but we seek also to adopt instruction to the 
wants of the times. The courses of study are equiva- 
lent to those of colleges of the east. 

The classical course requires seven years to accom- 
plish it; this period includes three years of preparatory 
study, beginning with Latin Grammar, Ancient His- 
tor}^ and reviews of Arithmetic and English Analysis. 
The study of Greek is begun in the second year of the 
preparatory course. 

The scientific course requires one year less of prepar- 
atory study, and continues through six years. In this 
course no Greek is required, and the German language 
and certain branches of science are pursued further. 
The study of Latin extends through four years, of 
Greek the same, of History through one year, of Ger- 
man through one year, of Science through about three 
years, of English studies (including Anglo-Saxon, Rhet- 
oric, English Literature, Logic, Mental Philosophy, 
Moral ^Esthetics and Political Philosophy), through 
five years, and of Mathematics through five years. 



116 HISTORICAL SKETCH. 



LOCATION, GROUNDS AND BUILDINGS. 

Ripon is located centrally in the state, and in a 
region of exceeding fertility. The climate, though 
usually severe in winter, is particularly healthful and 
agreeable. Perhaps, nowhere east of the Mississippi 
can a dryer air and clearer skies be found. The town 
is conspicuous for its beauty of situation, its cleanliness 
and the general character of its inhabitants for morality 
and intelligence. In almost every respect the sur- 
soundings are favorable for a college. The college 
grounds include nearly twelve acres, centrally situated, 
on high ground with a rolling surface relieved at inter- 
vals by native oaks and other shrubbery. The grounds, 
and particularly the buildings, are visible at great dis- 
tances in all dn-ectious. There are three college build- 
ings all of stone. East College is fifty feet square and 
three stories high, with a cupola. It contains four 
recitation rooms, the cabinet, the reading room, an 
apparatus room and several rooms for students. Mid- 
dle College is one hundred by fortj^-four feet, three 
stories high, besides the basement and the attic, which 
are finished throughout. This is the ladies' building; 
it contains, in the basement, the college boarding hall; 
on the main floor, teachers' rooms, parlors and office; 
in the upper stories, apartments for young ladies, the 
hall of their literary societ}', and their gymnasium. 
West College is eighty by fifty feet, and four stories 
high. It contains the chapel, the library, the general 
office, recitation rooms, the hall of the young men's 
societies, the gymnasium, and rooms for young men. 
The buildings afibrd rooms sufficient for the instruc- 



OF RIPON COLLEGE. 117 

tion of 450 students, of whom about 200, with several 
teachers, may reside in the buildings. These structures 
are plain and unpretentious, having been erected at the 
least possible cost consistent with sound construction; 
but they are serviceable and comfortable. 

LIBEARY, CABINET, APPARATUS, ETC. 

The library now contains about 1,000 volumes. It is 
open to the students twice a week without charge for 
the drawing and consulting of books. A large number 
of the students avail themselves of the privilege. The 
library depends for its growth largely upon the bene- 
factions of the friends of the college; there is no per- 
manent fund provided for its increase. 

The cabinet contains a vahiable cellection of minerals 
well arranged for purposes of class instruction. 

The College has only a limited supply of suitable 
chemical and philosophical apparatus ; indeed, much 
less than it needs for the most successful instruction in 
chemistry and physics. Additions are, however, made 
to the supply on hand from time to time, as means for 
puchasing are obtained. 

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND POLICY, 

In 1868, the College, through its president, made 
application to the directors of the " Society for the 
Promotion of Collegiate and Theological Education 
in the West," to adopt Ripon College as one of its 
beneficiaries, and to assist it with funds from the east, 
so far as may be necessary for its equipment and endow- 
ment. The application was granted, and a large part 
of the present endowment fund has been obtained at 



118 HISTORICAL SKETCH 

the east throngli the personal solicitation of President 
Merriraau. 

The property and resources of the College are esti- 
mated as follows: 

Number of acres of land owned by the institution ' 440 

Estimated casli value of land owned by the institution !f4, 440 00 

Estimated cash value of buildings owned by the institution 65,000 00 

Amount of endowments and funds except real estate 55,000 00 

Amount of income for the current year from all sources except jlji 1 i 

tuition 7, 317 OO 

Amount received for tuition during the past year 3,434 00 

Tuition in the college department is $24 a year; 
in the preparatory department, |121 a j^ear. [This 
statement is compiled from the annual report of the 
hoard of trustees to the superintendent of public in- 
struction of the state of Wisconsin, for the year ending 
August, 1875.] 

There is no incumbrance of any kind on the College 
property. No scholarships have been issued, but a plan 
for issuing 1,000 scholarships at $60 each has been 
recently decided upon, and the work of disposing of 
them begun. 

Since the organization of the institution as a College 
in 1863, it has been operated mainly upon its own 
earnings, the endowment funds having become pro- 
ductive of income during the last few years onjy. Up 
to 1868, the teachers received nothing but the income 
from tuition. The College has never had a paid agent, 
and every dollar contributed to it has been used in 
building up the institution without diminution for 
raising money or for current expenses. It is the pur- 
pose of the College to pursue this same severely econ- 
omical policy; that is, to spend nothing given to it in 



OF KIPON COLLEGE, 119 

operating it, but to use eveiy donation in augmenting 
its permanent means of instruction. 

The design being to keep the College within the 
reach of the poor, the cost of tuition is put very low. 
Although there is not a single endowed professorship, 
a student can have tuition in any department of the 
College for less than |25 a year. Boarding in the Col- 
lege boarding hall can be had at $2.50 a week. The 
total estimated expenses of a student for a term are, 
not including fuel, but including tuition, incidentals, 
room rent, board, lights and washing, books and sta- 
tionery, $62.50. 

MUSICAL DEPARTMENT. 

There is connected with the College a flourishing 
musical department which aims to provide thorough 
instruction in playing the piano forte, in solo and 
chorus singing, and in musical theory, including har- 
mony, counterpoint and the elements of form and com- 
position. A separate course of study is provided for 
each of the three branches of piano playing, vocal cul- 
ture and theory; but the first named course includes 
enough of theory to enable the pianist to analyze and 
and thoroughly understand the grammar of the com- 
positions he plays, while the course in vocal culture, 
with the same amount of theory, requires enough train- 
ing in piano pla,ying to enable the singer to play the 
most difficult accompaniments. 

TERMS AND VACATIONS. 

The College year begins about the first of September 
and closes about the first of July. There are three 



120 HISTORICAL SKETCH. 

terms of twelve weeks, fourteen weeks and thirteen 
weeks respective!}-. At the end of tlie fall term there is 
a vacation of one week; at the end of the winter term, 
a vacation of two weeks. 












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